HOODED KERGAB8EB. 21 
Spring migration. The red-breasted merganser \\ inters so far north 
that few migration data are available. The species is mosl common 
on the Massachusetts coast during the first hull* of April, though 
migrants begin to pass a month earlier. The average date of arrival 
at Montreal is April L6 (earliest, April 6, L894); at North River, Prince 
Edward Island, April 21 (earliest, April L5, L891); Lake Mistassini, 
Ungava, May 11, L895; Heron Lake Minn., April 2, L884, April 4, 
L885; Aweme, Manitoba. April 22, L899; Fori Keogh, Mont.. April 
27, L889; Chilcat, Alaska. Mays. L882; mouth of the Yukon about 
the middle of May; Kowak River, Alaska, middle of June (1899). 
The region in the United States to the south of the breeding ground 
is deserted in May, except by a few cripples and nonbreeders, some of 
which are present all summer on the coasts of New .Jersey and New 
England. 
Fall migration, — The first arrival in 1896 at Monterey, Cal., was 
noted October 1); about the same time the species appears in the cor- 
responding latitude on the Atlantic coast. Indeed, October can be 
said to be the month of arrival in the winter home, and of departure 
from the most northern breeding grounds; the last was seen on the 
Mackenzie River, about latitude 63°, October 15 and 16, 1903. 
Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.). Hooded Merganser. 
Breeding range. — This merganser breeds locally throughout much 
of North America, from Florida (Fort Myers and Titusville), Georgia, 
South Carolina, Tennessee, Kansas, Colorado, northern New Mexico, 
Nevada, and Oregon, north to Newfoundland, southern Labrador, 
Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill, latitude 62°), Great Slave Lake, and 
central British Columbia (Cariboo district). One specimen was seen 
at Fort Wrigley, Mackenzie River, latitude 63°, where possibly it 
may breed; it is accidental in Alaska (St. Michael, October, 1865), Ber- 
mudas, Europe. In the Southern States mentioned the species is quite 
rare and local, and the same seems to be true of all the district north 
of Maine and east of Ontario. The species is most common from 
latitude 44° to latitude 60°, between the Rocky Mountains and Lake 
Huron. 
Winter range, — It remains during the winter rarely as far north as 
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Lake Michigan, Nebraska, Colorado, 
Utah, and southern British Columbia. It is more common in the cen- 
tral districts and Gulf States. A few migrate to Cuba, Central Mex- 
ico (Orizaba, City of Mexico), and southern Lower California. 
Spring migration, —Since the hooded merganser breeds over much 
of its winter range, it is difficult to determine when its spring migra- 
tion begins. Migratory movements occur in late February, and aver- 
age dates of arrival a re: Western New York, March; Montreal, early 
April; Ottawa, Ontario. April is (earliest, March 21, L903); southern 
Michigan, March L9; central Iowa, March 22 (earliest, March 5, L895); 
