20 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
arrival at Montreal Is April 5; Ottawa, Ontario. April 16; Prince 
Edward Island, April 21. The first merganser was seen on Hamilton 
River, I'ngava. May 28. At Heron Lake. Minnesota, the average 
date of arrival is March 26 (earliest March IT, 1886): average at 
Aweme, Manitoba, April 11. The larger number have left the winter 
range by early April; hut along the middle Atlantic coast a few are 
seen in Mav. while on the Massachusetts coast nonbreeders occur all 
summer. 
Eggs have been taken at Kingston, Ontario, April 10, 1902; at God- 
bout, Quebec, May 12, 1884; on Hamilton River, Ungava, June 25; 
eggs incubated one week, on Lake Tagish, Yukon, June 30, 1899; 
young in northern California May 21. 
FaU migration. — A few of this species start south in August (Woods 
Hole, Mass., August 26, 1890), but in general the American merganser 
is a late migrant, passing south only when forced by winter storms. 
The average date of arrival on the Massachusetts coast is October 5. 
and on Chesapeake Ba} T October 15. The average date when the last 
are seen on Prince Edward Island is November 1; Montreal, Novem- 
ber 6; Ottawa, Ontario, November 21. 
Merganser serrator (Linn.). Red-breasted Merganser. 
Breeding range. — Most of the summer home of this species in the 
Western Hemisphere lies north of the United States, though a few 
nest in Maine (Houlton, Magalloway River, Isleau Haute), and farther 
south on Sable Island, Nova Scotia; also in northern New York (Adi- 
rondacks), Michigan, Wisconsin (Green Bay), Minnesota (St. Paul), 
and probably in Oregon (Crooked River and Camp Harney). The 
breeding range extends far north to Greenland (Scoresby Sound, Uper- 
navik), Cumberland Gulf, Mackenzie (Fort Anderson), Alaska (Icy 
Cape), and the northern coast of Siberia. The species breeds commonly 
on the whole western coast of Alaska, the Near Islands, the Yukon 
Basin, and south to southern British Columbia. It breeds commonly 
also in northern Europe and northern Asia, whence it retires in winter 
to southern Europe and central Asia. 
Winter range* — A single specimen was taken near Habana, Cuba, 
in December, 1891, and this seems to be the only record south of the 
eastern United States. The species is not rare in winter in Florida 
and along the Gulf coast to Texas; thence it is quite rare in New 
Mexico and Arizona, but is common throughout t ho whole of Califor- 
nia and south to Lower California (La Paz). It is common in winter 
on the Atlantic coast as far as Maine, and remains around the Gulf of 
Saint Lawrence until the bays freeze. It is not uncommon even in 
Greenland during the winter. In the interior it braves the winter on 
the Great Lakes and north to Wisconsin, Nebraska, Colorado, and 
Utah; north on the Pacific coasl to southern British Columbia; it is 
casual on the Hawaiian Islands and the Bermudas. 
