16 
XoKTH AMERK AX DUOKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
forms; but the following 7 of these do not range so far north as the 
United State-: 
Bpbcieb occurring in Central America, West Indies, or Mexico, rot not known 
TO REACH THE UNITED STATES. 
Muscovy 'luck, Cairina moschaia. 
Diaz duck. Anas diazi 
Alit-rt duck, Anas abt rti. 
Bahama duck, P&cilonetta bahamensis. 
White-faced tree-duck, Dendrocygna uidu- 
ata. 
Whistling duck, Dendrocygna arborea. 
Southern red-billed tree-duck, Dendro- 
cygna discolor. 
There remain 64 species and subspecies that occur in the United 
States and northward, but 11 of these are only accidental in North 
America. One of them, Ma/reca penelope, has been recorded about 80 
times in various parts of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 
Xcttion rrccca has been captured about twent} T times in the same 
regions. Netta rufina has been found only once — in New York market. 
The other 7 occur more or less regularl} T in Greenland, but are not 
known on the mainland of North America. These 11 species are: 
European Species occurring in North America as Stragglers. 
P^uropean smew, Mergus albellus. 
Widgeon, Mareca peneloj>e. 
P^uropean teal,« Nettion crecca. 
Ruddy sheldrake, Casarca casarca. 
Rufous-crested duck, Netta rufina. 
Velvet scoter, Oidemia fusca. 
Four species of eider ducks and the emperor goose are so de- 
cidedly boreal that they do not come south to the United States 
even in winter. These are: 
White-fronted goose, Anser cUbifrons. 
Bean goose, Anser fabalis. 
Brant, Branta bernicla. 
Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis. 
Whooping swan, Olor cygnus. 
Species that Breed and Winter North of the United States. 
Pacific eider, Somateria v-niyra. 
Emperor goose, Philacte canagica. 
cidental in California. ) 
(Ac- 
Steller eider, Polysticta stelleri. 
Spectacled eider, ArctoneUa fischeri. 
Northern eider, Somateria mollissima bore- 
al is (rare on the New England coast). 
Deducting these, there are 54 species which regularly visit the 
United States during some portion of the year. Many of these, how- 
ever, spend the breeding season north of the United States, and come 
south only in the winter season. Among these last are included both 
species of swans and most of the geese. Several species of ducks 
select Canada as their principal breeding ground, but a few indi- 
viduals remain to breed in the northern part of the United States or 
in the mountains of the West. These art 4 the scaup (Aythya marila)) 
American golden-eye (Clangvla cla/ngvla americana), Barrow golden- 
eve (Olangula Jdandica), buffle-head (Charitonetta albeola), harlequin 
"Occurs in the United states; Netta rufina but once. 
