WTNTEB RANGES, 
l:; 
Another phase of protection relates to the proper regulation of 
shooting during the fall and winter. This phase concerns a much 
larger number of species of waterfowl than the question of bunting 
during the breeding season. For although only 24 species oesl within 
the United States, l«> species are found here during winter, as will 
appear from the following lists: 
wi villi; RANGES. 
8pecie8 that Winter Principally in the United States \m> Southward. 
Hooded merganser, a Lophodytea cucul- 
lotus. 
Mallard, Anas boschas (on the Pacific 
coast to the Aleutian [stands). 
Black duck, Anas obscura. 
Red-legged duck, Anas obscura rubripes 
(occasional in winter in Nova Scotia). 
Florida duck. Anas fulvigula. 
Spotted black duck, Anas fulvigula macu- 
losa. 
Gadwall, Chaulelasmus streperus. 
Baldpate," Mareca americana. 
Green-winged teal, Nettion carolinense. 
Bine-winged teal," Querquedula discors. 
Shoveler,« Spatula clypeata. 
Pintail," Dajtta acuta. 
Wood duck/' Ave sponsa. 
Redhead," Aythya americana. 
Canvasback," Aythya vattisneria. 
Buffle-head, Charitonetta albeola (on the 
Pacific coasl to the Aleutians >. 
Ruddy duck," Erismalura jamaia nsis. 
Lesser snow goose, 1 Chen hyperborea. 
Greater snow goose, Chen hyperborea 
nivalis. 
Blue goose, Chen cserulescens. 
Ross goose, ( % n rossii. 
American wjiite-fronted goose, Anser 
albifrons gambt li. 
Canada goose, a Branta canadensis. 
Hutchins goose, a Urania canadi nsis hutch- 
insii. 
White-cheeked goose, Urania canadensis 
occidentalis. 
Cackling goose/* lira,, la canadensis 
minima. 
Brant, Urania bemicla glaucogastra. 
Black brant, Branta nigricans. 
Scaup duck. Aythya marila (rare in Fulvous tree-duck, Dendrocygna fulva. 
Whistling swan," Olor columbianus. 
Trumpeter swan," Olor buccinator. 
southern Canada and on the Pacific coast 
to the Aleutian- >. 
Lesser scaup duck," Aythya affinis. 
Ring-necked duck." Aythya collaris. 
American golden-eye, Clangula clangula 
una ricana I rare in southern Canada, and 
on the Pacific coast to the Aleutians). 
Species that Winter in the United States and Canada. 
American merganser, \ferganser ameri- 
canns. 
Red-breasted merganser, Merganser serra- 
tor. 
Barrow golden-eye, Clangula islandica. 
old Bquaw, Harelda hyemalis. 
Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus. 
American cider, Somoteria dresseri. 
Spectacled eider, Somoteria spectabilis. 
American scoter, Oidemia americana. 
White-winged scoter, Oidemia degkmdi. 
Surf scoter, Oidemia perspiciUata. 
If ducks are to he protected for reasons other than esthetic, there 
must be an open season. Most will agree that 90 far as the perpetua- 
tion of species alone is concerned this open season should be during 
migration, and preferably during the fall migration. The data pre 
sented later in this bulletin show that duck- begin to leave their 
" Winters also in southern British Columbia. 
