70 NORTH AMERICAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
the principal route coincides with the districts in which the species is 
most common. The greater Dumber pass from the breeding grounds 
to Great Slave Luke and Lake Athabasca, continue south to ((Mitral 
and western Montana, and then turn southwest, cross the Rocky 
Mountains, and pass to central and southern California. 
Spring migration. Records that are in close agreement indicate 
that the average date of arrival in spring at Great Falls. Mont.. Is 
April T. and at Columbia Falls. Mont., April 8. The average date at 
which the last one was seen in central Montana IS April 24. The birds 
were noted on the lower Athabasca River May 31, L903, and one was 
taken May 25, L865, at Fort Anderson, near the Arctic coast. The 
Latest spring records are of its occurrence at Lake Athabasca. June:). 
1903, and at the base of Kent Peninsula. Arctic coast. June 2, L902. 
'Idie record of one taken near Camp Harney. Oreg., April 12, L876, 
seems to be the onl}- one for that State. A few have been taken in 
southern British Columbia at Shuswap Lake, Kuper Island, and the 
mouth of the Fraser River; one was taken at Fort Keogh, Mont., 
April 25, 1892. 
Fall iidgration. — The returning flocks have been recorded at Great 
Slave Lake, September 1, 1893, at Columbia Flails, Mont,, October 10, 
1893, and at Newport, Cal., November 10, 1900. The average date of 
arrival at Columbia Falls, Mont., is October 15, and the latest date 
October 28, 1896. A straggler was taken at Winnipeg, Manitoba, 
September 20, 1902. 
Anser albifrons (Gmel. ). White-fronted Goose. 
The typical species inhabits Europe and Asia, and is reported as 
having been taken in May and September at Angmagsalik and Tasin- 
sak in eastern Greenland. 
Anser albifrons g-ambeli (Hartl.)- American White-fronted <ioose. 
Breeding range. — This goose breeds on the shore of the mainland 
from the mouth of the Yukon around the north side of Alaska and 
east to Lake Beechey on Back River; also coastwise for a few miles 
back in northern Mackenzie, and up the Yukon at least as far as Fort 
Yukon. The birds seen by Preble at Fort Wrigiey, on the Macken- 
zie, July 23, L904, may or may not have been breeding; a few nest on the 
coast of northeastern Asia in the vicinity of Bering Strait. 
In giving (he above range no mention is made of the birds that breed 
on the west coasl of Greenland, where the species is not uncommon. 
It is evident from Labrador and Atlantic coast records that Greenland 
birds do not conic to the southwest; hence they probably go to the 
southeast, and should be classed as European birds. 
Winter nin<h. The white-fronted goose winters in the whole south- 
ern half of the United States and south to Cuba and northern Mexico. 
