78 NORTH AMERICAN DICKS. GEE8E, AND SWANS. 
date of its arrival in northern North Dakota and southern Manitoba is 
April L2, fully two weeks later than the Canada goose arrives. Hud- 
son Bay is reached early in May and the extreme northern part of the 
range not much before the first of June. The first was noted near the 
mouth of the Yukon River May 8 and on the Kowak River May 14-. 
Eggs were taken near Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, June 10, 1864, and 
June 14. L865. 
Fall migration. —Small family parties begin to flock early in August 
and flocks appear at Aweme, Manitoba, on the average September 21 
(earliest September L3, L904). First arrivals were noted at Terry. 
Mont.. September 22, L904; Delavan, Wis., October 12, 1894; central 
Kansas, October 5-13; central California about the first of October. 
The last noted at Cape McDonncl, Great Bear Lake, was on Septem- 
ber 25; at Fort Wrigley, Mackenzie, October 12, and on the Kowak 
River, Alaska, September 14. 
Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird). White-Cheeked Goose. 
This form is confined to the Pacific slope and breeds from the 
Klamath Lakes and Lake Tahoe, north to Sitka and Mitkof Island. 
It winters from Washington south to San Diego County. Cal. It 
appears south of its breeding range in early November and starts 
north so early in the spring that after the middle of March few arc 
left in the southern part of the winter range. 
Branta canadensis minima Ridgw. Cackling Goose. 
This form is confined during the breeding season to Alaska, where it 
breeds abundantly along the coast from the Kowak River to the north 
side of the Alaska Peninsula. It breeds very abundantly also on the 
western Aleutians. It winters in southern British Columbia and 
thence south to San Diego County. Cal. It has been known to wander 
east to Hudson Hay. Wisconsin, and Colorado. 
It is the earliest goose to reach the mouth of the Yukon in spring 
migration, arriving there from the 25th to the 30th of April, a few 
days after the last have deserted the southern portion of the winter 
range. The return movement begins late in August, is at its height 
by the middle of September, and the first arrive in central California 
about the first of October. The species deserts the Yukon region the 
hist of September or early in October, and the Aleutians about the 
middle of November. 
Branta bernicla (Linn.). Brant. 
This is the Old World species that breeds north of the mainland 
of Europe and extends west to the east coast of Greenland; winters 
in northern Europe, rarely south to the Mediterranean. 
