80 NORTB AMKKKAN DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. 
arc unsatisfactory, though the species will probably be found to breed 
rarely Oil North Somerset Island. 
Winter range. — It is common during the winter along the Atlantic 
coast from Florida to New Jersey, less common on Long Island, and 
rare during the winter in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. A strag- 
gler was secured on Barbados, November L5, l s 7t>. 
Records for the interior of North America are not numerous. Speci- 
mens are recorded from the Whitewater Valley, Indiana; Ottawa. 
Ontario, fall of 1887; Racine, Wis.; Omaha. Nebr., November 9, 1895; 
Lake Manitoba, spring- of 1889; Fort Lyon; Colo., April 11,1883; 
Comox, British Columbia, January 10, 1904. 
Spring migration.. -Since no brant in spring pass north along the 
west coast of Hudson Bay, all the individuals of the species must 
perform their spring migration on the Atlantic coast. They return 
in February to Long Island Sound, where they stay in mild winters, 
and appear on the southeastern coast of Massachusetts on the average 
February 23. They are common in these waters for six weeks. By 
the end of March the van has alread} T reached northern Nova Scotia. 
They spend the next month around the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
then move slowly northward. All observers agree that the brant do 
not go around the east shore of Newfoundland, but steer more directty 
north across the Labrador Peninsula. The average date on which 
they reach latitude 46° in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is March 23, and 
it is not until May 30 that early arrivals have been recorded in lati- 
tude 79°, showing an average speed of 34 miles per day. The average 
date of arrival in latitude 82° is June 7, or an average speed from 
latitude 41° to latitude 82° of 28 miles per day. The most northern 
record of the brant is latitude 82° 33' on the north coast of Grinnell 
Land. Merc it arrived June 9, 1876, and the first eggs were found 
June 21. A hundred miles to the south, at Ross Inlet, eggs were taken 
June L6, and at (ape Sabine, latitude 78 4<>', June 17, 1900. 
The last disappear from North Carolina waters the first week in 
April; most leave Cape Cod, Massachusetts, by April 24, and the 
remainder about the 1st of May, though at various times birds have 
been seen the last week of this month. The south shore of the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence is deserted usually June 9-12, just as the earliest brant 
are arriving on their breeding grounds. 
Fall migration. — Southward-moving flocks of brant were seen 
August 20, L876, at Cape Lieber, latitude 81° 30', ten weeks after the 
first had passed north. In less than three weeks the last had disap- 
peared, i. c, they were not over three months on the breeding grounds. 
The black brant breeding at Point Barrow, Alaska, were present from 
June 5 to September 20, L898, fifteen weeks, and this latter period is 
about as long as the interval spent at their breeding grounds by those 
small land birds of the Gulf States that migrate earliest in the fall. 
