I? LACK BBANT. 81 
Brant reappear in the Gulf of St. Lawrence late in September, and 
arrive at Long Island about the middle of October. They occupy less 
than sixty days in retracing their flight over the course to cover which 
in spring requires more than one hundred days. In the fall migration 
great numbers pass south along the west Bhore of Hudson Bay, but as 
the species is almost unknown in Manitoba and Ontario, these birds 
must pass through northern Quebec to gain the Atlantic coast, 
Branta nigricans ( Law r. i. Black Brant 
Breeding range, — The principal known breeding ground of this 
species is along the Arctic coast and islands in the vicinity of the mouth 
of the Anderson River. Thence westward a -mallei- number breed at 
Point Barrow. The species i> common on the Siberian coast of the 
Chukchi Peninsula and west to the New Siberian Islands. As stated 
under the preceding species, it is probable that the brant breeding 
abundantly on Banks Land and in smaller numbers on Melville Island 
belong to this species. 
Whiter range. — The main body of the black brant winters on the 
coast of California, especially at Bodega Bay and Tomales Bay. A few 
pas- as far south as San Quentin Bay and Cerros Island, Lower Cali- 
fornia, and the species is known in winter north to the Straits of Juan 
de Fuca. It penetrates inland to Pyramid and Washoe lakes, Nevada; 
Malheur and Klamath lakes, Oregon, and on the Atlantic coast has 
straggled to Chatham, Mass. ; Oneida Lake, New York; Islip and Great 
South Bay, Long Island, and Long Beach, New Jersey. On the Asiatic 
side the brant goes south in winter to Japan. 
Spring migration. — Brant begin to move northward in early March, 
but proceed so slowly that it is the middle of May when they arrive 
at the mouth of the Yukon, and the last of May when they reach 
Kotzebue Sound; the dates of arrival at Point Barrow are June 13, 
l,sv_\ June 7, 1883, and June 5, 1898; downy young were taken there 
July 10, 1898. Most of the birds have left the California coast by the 
last of April, and it is a little strange that one of the latest records 
south of Alaska should come from Lower California, where several 
brant were seen May 9 and lo in San Quentin Bay. 
Instead of taking the long course around the northwest coast of 
Alaska, some brant that nest near the mouth of the Mackenzie make 
a short cut across the interior of Alaska, and the species is abundant 
for a few days each spring at Fort Yukon and La Pierre House on its 
way north and is seen each spring at Fori Mcpherson passing north 
along Peel River. 
/•J/// migration, — Migrants return to the mouth of the Yukon from 
the middle to the latter part of September, appear in British Columbia 
a month later, and reach the California coast in November. The latest 
dates for Point Barrow are September 21, 1882, and September 20, 
1898. 
