into the trees to reach the higher liml>s and branches and a long exten- 
sion or bamboo rod is indispensable. The Length of hose must be 
adapted to the height of the trees to be treated, and a coarse nozzle, 
such as the Bordeaux, will he preferable, as enabling the operator to 
throvi the spray some distance to inaccessible branches. A high- 
pressure pump, from 1"><> to 200 pounds, is especially desirable, 
though the writers have seen L r "od work accomplished with an ordi- 
nary barrel out lit. 
Spraying during the dormant season, however, may be practiced, 
if the work may he more conveniently accomplished during this 
time, using one of t he winter sprays later mentioned . as lime sulphur 
wash, kerosene or crude petroleum emulsion i_'ii to 25 per cent 
strength), or some of the miscible oils. 
TREATMENT OF CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, 
WlHiniKi: LOW-GROWING PLANTS. 
After proper pruning, shrubs and hushes infested with these two 
scale pests should he thoroughly sprayed, preferably as the young 
are hatching in the spring, using the summer-strength kerosene or 
crude-petroleum emulsion or whale-oil soap wash. A knapsack or 
bucket pump will he suitable for treating a few plants in yards, and 
in view of the small amount of labor involved, a supplementary 
application is advisable in a week or ten days to destroy any belated 
larvae which escaped the first application. Where infested yard 
plants are growing close t,> the wall of a building, this may he pro- 
tected during the operation of spraying by a piece of tarpaulin or 
other heavy cloth, or even refuse paper. 
SPRAY FORMULAS. 
Kerosem emulsion (stock solution, 66 />< r cent <>il). — Kerosene 
emulsion is made after the following formula: 
Cer -1 oil, lamp oil) gallons. . 2 
Whale-oil or laundry soap (or I quart soft soap) pound.. ^ 
Water gallon. . 1 
The snap should first be dissolved in boiling water; then remove 
vessel from the lire. Immediately add the kerosene, and thoroughly 
agitate the mixture until a creanrj solution results. The stock 
emulsion max be more conveniently made by pouring the mixture 
into the tank of a spray pump, and pumping the liquid through the 
nozzle hack into the tank fur some minutes. The stock solution, 
if well made, will keep for SOme months, and is to he diluted hei'me 
using. In order to make a lu per cent spraj 'the strength (<<v trees 
in foliage) add to each 1 gallon of the stock solution about 5 
LT.-ilh >n^ of water, for 20 and _'■"> p< r cent emulsions (for use on dor- 
[Clr. 121] 
