THE HOG LNDUSTBY. 
107 
with exclusive corn feeding, 602 pounds of corn were required for LOO 
pounds of gain and with peanuts 443 pounds for l<><» pounds of gain. 
On this basis, an acre of corn will produce L40 pounds of pork and an 
acre of peanuts 488 pounds, worth, respectively, when pork is 5 cents 
per pound, $6.97 and $24.37. 
COMMERCIAL BY-PRODUCTS. 
One of the prominent features of modern industry is the develop- 
ment of the possibilities of the by-product — the waste and offal of 
manufacturing establishments. Farmers have long appreciated the 
value of the by-products of flour mills, but of recent years many 
other materials have come into the market as valuable feed for farm 
animals. Rice mills, oil mills, and packing houses all have their 
by-products, which are useful in supplementing the products of the 
farm. 
MILLING PRODUCTS. 
The by-products of the flour mills have for years been bought by 
farmers for use in the feed box, and one of these — middlings — has 
come to have an unsurpassed reputation for hog feeding, especially 
for young animals in the early stages of fattening. With the devel- 
opment of milling the ingenuity of the manufacturer has enabled him 
to throw a host of new foods upon the market. In consequence, we 
have, in the first place, a by-product more completely deprived of its 
nutrient material, perhaps, than formerly, but more uniform in 
quality; and, in the second place, a greater variety of feeds with 
which to supph' the bins. It is not alone the products of the flour 
mills that have value for feeding purposes. The rice mills, glucose 
factories, and oil mills all have by-products that are useful adjuncts 
to feeding operations. Indeed, most of the experimental work of 
recent years deals with the value of the by-products of these indus- 
tries. In the majority of instances these feeding stuffs are best used 
as adjuncts to corn or corn meal, although often the proximity of 
feed yards to a mill cheapens the by-products sufficiently to enable 
the feeder to use them as the main part of the ration. 
Bran and corn meal compared with corn meal. — Burkett* fed two 
lots of 3 pigs each, one receiving a ration of equal parts of bran and 
corn meal and milk and the other corn meal and milk. The object 
was to compare the value of bran in such a ration and have the corn- 
fed lot as a check. The results follow : 
Brail and corn meal compared ivith corn meal for pigs. 
Ration. 
Num- 
ber of 
pigs. 
Average 
weight 
at begin- 
ning. 
Total 
gain. 
Number Average 
of davs daily 
Feed per 100 
pounds gain. 
fed. gain. 
Grain. 
Milk. 
Bran and corn meal 
3 
Pounds. 
47.6 
47 
Pounds. 
227 
Pounds. 1 Pounds. 
99 0.7fi 
Pounds. 
308 
263 
Pounds. 
882 
Corn meal 
3 
3:23 
663 
a Bui. No. 66, New Hampshire Expt. Sta. 
