- ^9 - - - 
sulfate, could, therefore, "ce used to activate ariatasine sulfate; they 
do not scorch "beet and so could "be applied against oeet aphids without 
preliminary tests. 
iCevskii, Jsper.skrya., and ShaposhniJ^-ova (S6) in 1937 reported on a 
control program for the codling- moth, (Cydia) Cai-p ocapsa -pomonell r. (L.). 
in I-ussia. Hicotine sulfate and anaossine sulfa'^e vyere ineffective vrhen 
used alon*, even if they were prepared as "fixed compounds" adsorbed on 
sulfur, hut they increased the effectiveness of arsenical sprrys to which 
they vrere added. 
Pavlov (108) in 1937 reported on chemical methods for controlling the 
pea aphid in Hussia. In field experiments against the paa aphid. M acro si - 
yhvm c nohrychis 3oy. , on peas in the eastern paxt of the r'rovince of Voro- 
nezh in 1935, no difference was observed in the effectiveness of dusts 
containing anabasine or nicotine. Complete mortality of the aphids was 
obtained on the fifth day after applying 5-percent dusts ?.t the rate of 90 
pounds per acre, but 5-percent dusts at the same rate or 7-percent dusts 
at 45 poiTTids per a.cre were much less effective. The cabbage aphid, Erevi- 
coryne brassicae (L.}, proved to be more susceptible, as 3-percent anabasine 
dust at the rate of bo^po-oiir's per acre killed 90 percent of the aphids on 
seed cabbage, and a second application 8 days later killed the remainder - 
rivovarov and Guterman (109) in 1937 re-oorted that in experiments in 
Voronezh, U. S. S. H,, a dust of finely ground sicked lime impregnated 
with 5 to 10 percent of ana.basine s-a3.f?.te was found effective agadnst 
hiberno-ting mosquitoes, when applied at the ra,te of 5 ouices per 1,000 
cubic feet. In the la.boratory, at temperatures ranging from 59.2 to 24.8° 
F. and humidity of 59 to 91 percent, it gave 100 percent mortality of 
culicines taken from hiberi-.,ation qunxters in foiar tests and 99.15 percent 
in another. Some of the mosquitoes were not killed immedia.tely but died 
in the course of 2 to 3 days as a result of paralysis of the motor centers. 
TThen the dust was a.pplied with a h^nd duster in cellars in which mosquitoes 
were hibernating, it killed over 98 percent of Culer. and 97,5 percent of 
■Anopheles . As the dust acts only when in direct contact with a mosquito, 
it is essential for the carrier to be dry and for the apparatus to effect 
a good dispersion. 
Tarasova (152) in 1937 reported a study of the effect of anabasine 
on the activity of the heart in insects. Larvae of Pie tonus ribesii 
submerged in a 1-percent solution of ana.basine sulfate survived for up 
to 6 hours, ^^nereas they died in a 1-percent solution of sodiimi chloride 
in about 2 hours. The rate of pulsations of the dorsal veisel in the 
larvae submerged in the anabasine sulfate solution at first somewhat 
increased, but became normal in half an hour,.- ".Taen the solution was 
applied with a brush the larvae reacted immediately by strong movements 
and emission of fluid from the mouth and ajius; in 7 to 10 minutes paralysis 
occurred, and the rate of pulsation of the dorsal vessel increased four 
times as compared with the normal ra,te. The paralysis continued for a 
few hours (up to 24), after which the larvae appealed to recover comj^letely . 
The action of the poison on the pulsation was much less noticeable when 
the ventral nervous chain was cut, which suggests that anabasine sulfate 
