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rate of respiration of larvae dipped in anabasine sulfate first increased 
strongly, "but soon retiirned to practically the normal level; no increase 
in the rate was observed in those dipped in basic anabasine. In about 
1 to 3 hours paral^'-sis of the older larvae passed and the normal respira- 
tion rate was restored; "oun^-er larvae remained paralyzed for 8 to 12 
hours, and some died. It is concluded that tne .anabaslne preparations 
probably act on the nervous and muscular systeras and only in a secondary 
way on the respiratory system. Similar experiments with larvae of 
Pieris brassicae L. resulteidin a slow decrease in the respiratory ra-te 
and a general sluggishness, and death often ensued during molts. 
Savchenko (123) in 1937 reported on the determination of effective 
dosages of anabadusts [anabasine dusts] for the control of beet aphids. 
The results are given of laboratoiy tests against immature beet aphids 
of dusts of anabasine sulfate mixed in concentrations of 1 to 6 percent 
with various carriers. Their effectiveness was compared with that of 
"Aning" which gave 98.5 percent mortality. All the d.usts were applied 
at a rate equive.lent to 36 pounds per acre. A 4-percexit dust prepared 
with freshly slaked lime was the most effective, giving 93.3 percent 
mortality. Dusts mixed with talc or kieselg;ihr were the least effective, 
and although a 4-percent dust prepared with magnesrjm carbonate gave 
95.7 percent mortality, it did not adhere X7ell and formed Itunps- 
Savchenko and Dzevaltovskaya (125) in 1937 reported the results of 
comparative tests on new activators for gjiaba-sine sulfate in combating 
the beet aphid. 
In the Russian Union soft soap is usually added to sprays of anaba- 
sine sulphate to increase their effectiveness against aphids on beet. It 
is, however, expensive and can be used onlj with soft water. Other possi- 
ble activators were, therefore, tested in the laboratory in 1935-36; they 
were applied in sprays containing 0.03 percent of anabasine sulfate to 
immature examples of Ilyzus pe rsicae (Sulz.) on leaves of beet. At this 
concentration anabasine sulfate alone g?>.ve 37 percent mortality in 24 
hours. Several of the activators proved to be satisfactory substitutes 
for soft soap; the best were three samples of sodi-um salts of naphthalene- 
sulfonic acids, since they increased the percentage of morta,lity of the 
aphids to 80 or more when used at a concentration of only 0.5 percent, 
dissolved easily, e^id could be u.sed with hard water as well as soft. 
The physico-chemical properties of the solutions were studied and 
are discussed. Practically all the orgojiic activators (notably the sodium 
naphthalene- sulfonates) decreased the surface tension of the solution, 
which showed maximum effectiveness when the surface tension was rather 
less than half that of distilled water. An activator that gave an acid 
solution did not reduce its effect to any marked extent provided that 
the s-'orface tension was s-officiently reduced. On the whole, viscous solu- 
tions were less effective than others, as they moved more slowly along 
the tracheae of the aphids. 
A comparison of the mechanism of activation of anabasine s'olfate with 
that of nicotine sulfate showed them to be identical. Carbonates of 
alkaline metals, which are loiown to increase the effectiveness of nicotine 
