- 2:b- 
Eeference is no-ds to investigations concucted Td:/ Dashu-:evitch in 1935 
rrliich indicated that anabr.sine TiS more toxic than, lupinine to the l^Tvae 
of mosquitoes of the Cvler. species. 
Ilason (76) in 195£ reported tests '-ith anr.Dasine sulfate (4-0 percent) 
to determine its toxicit" to the sqiJash bug, A^iTSf- tris tis (Leg.). He 
found that at a dilution of 1:10C anabasins sulfate ::illed a nigli percen- 
tage of sq"uash bugs under both laboratory' and field, conditions. Under 
the latter conditions slight injur;' resulted to the margins of some of 
the squash leaves, but it rras not serious. In combination r;ith Fenetrol 
(sulfonated oxid.ized gas oil) 1:200 or pine oil 1:200, serious injury'- 
resulted to the ;''oung growing tips of the squ^ash vines, -he percentage of 
kill from anabasine sulfate 1:200 was unsatisfactory, and 1:400 gave 
practically no kill at all. Po'^dered soap, 1 pound to 50 gallons of 
water, in combination with anabasine sulfate, although tested only ixider 
laboratory conditions, increased the hill several percent. 
1937 
Richardson, leonier, and Simer.ton (113) in 19 G7 fotmd that 5 percent 
of ax.abasine sulfate in bentonite used as a dust in the field, hilled only 
5 percent of chinch bugs (third end fourth instars). There was no injury 
to com plants. [A mixture of anabasine sulfate and bentonite reacts to 
form a definite chenical comT)ound, namely, anabasine bentonite, which is 
nonvolatile and insoluble in water. R. C. R.] 
Kremer .and Iluvichinshii (65) in 1937 reported laboratory and field 
tests in the Crimea of the effectiveness against mosquitoes ejid sand 
flies ( Phlebotomus ) of dusts of anabasine sulfa.te ?rid finely ground slaJced 
lime. 'The results of dusting mosquitoes in buildings in various localities 
at temperatures varying from 1 to 30° C. [33.8-36° F.] with dusts conta.in- 
ing 10, 15, or 20 percent of anabasine s''Jlfate are given in a table; the 
stronger dusts gave 100 percent mortality in all tests and the wealiest 
one did so in 4 tests out of 7. It is emphasized that the dust must come 
in contact with the body of the insect. In hot weather the mosquitoes were 
pe^ralyzed in 1 to 2 minutes and eventually all died, tho'ogh a few of 
those dusted '-'ith the lowest concentration survived until the follov/ing 
de,y. The rapidity of action of the dust increased with the temperatiire . 
I>asting at the rate of 1 ounce to 2,000 cubic feet in inhabited houses 
and 1 ounce to 1,500 cubic feet in animal quarters was found sufficient 
to destroy all the mosquitoes, whereas 75 oiinces of tob?.cco dust would 
be required to fumigate the same space. In tests in houses in Sebastopol, 
practically all sand flies were paralyzed almost instantaneously by 10 
to 15 percent concentrations of the dust, and died in 5 to 10 minutes. 
In the laboratory tests the mosquitoes were placed into cages pro- 
tected with fine-mesh wire, and were dusted from outside from a distance 
of 1 to I-I/2 meters with 10 percent anabadust. If the outside temper- 
ature was sufficiently high, the mosquitoes showed indications of poison- 
ing in 1 to 2 minutes. They were unable to fly, fell on their backs; 
their legs and heads were contorted with spasms. In the majority of 
cases their abdomen.s became inflated like balloons, ready to bxirst. 
