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Six nitrogen heterocyclic corapo^ands, tested as sprays in 0.25-per- 
cent sodium oleate solution under standardized conditions, yielded the 
follov/ing toxic order rrhen "based upon median lethal concentrations: 
imabasine > l-beta-nicotine = dl-beta-nornicotine > dl-beta-nicotine > dl- 
alpha-nicotine = dl-alpha-nornicotine . 2he presence or absence of a 
raetl\Yl group on the pyrrolidine nitrogen of a pyridyl pyrrolidine is not 
essential for toxic action to Aphis rumicis . Compounds vrith linlcage at the 
beta position of the pyridine raucleus are the most toxic in this series. 
The relation between the beta position and toxicity in these compoionds 
may prove to be fairly general; it seems to hold for certain vertebrates 
and invertebrates. The dl-beta-nicotine is about half as toxic as natural 
nicotine, the laevo fraction probably containing most of the toxicity, 
juiabasine, the most toxic to aphids of the compounds reported here, is 
probably somewhat more toxic than its racemic form, neonicotine. 
Bel'skii (10) in 1936 reported tests of baits of fermenting molasses 
in large shallov; wooden ba.sins which are extensively used in the Prussian 
Union to catch the adults of 3uxoa seget-um Schiff . and other noctuids. 
In some experiments a poison v;as added to the molasses, and it is 
concluded from the results that this should always be done if the con- 
tainers used are of a tj'pe from which many of the moths can escape. Of 
the poisons used, sodium arsenite at a concentration of 0.05 percent 
retarded fermentation of the molasses, but sodium fluoride at less than 
0.4 percent and anabasine sulfate and nicotine s-olfate at any concentra- 
tion tested did not hinder it. The relative efficiency of these poisons 
vras not constant during the three years' tests; on the whole, sodium 
fluoride (0.25 percent) appeared to be the best, though in individual 
tests sodium arsenate (0.05 percent) and anabasine sulfate (l percent) 
were superior to it. The attractiveness of the baits was increased by 
the add.ition of a few drops of amyl acetate. Devices that exposed the 
poisoned molasses by means of a wick did not prove so effective as the 
stajidard containers. 
?or the future experiments it is proposed to use anabasine and nico- 
tine sulfa.tes at a concentration of 0.5 percent. 
Savchenlio and Ratner (127) in 1935 reported la.boratory experiments 
in Hussia, to compare the effectiveness against aphids of anabasine, its 
sulfate, naphthena-te, and resinate, and of lupinine , which is obtainable 
in considerable quantities from Anabasis a^iohylla.. . The aphids used v/ere 
■c^phi s faba.e Scop, and Ilyzus persicae Sulz. , and the ra,te of mortality 
produced 'oi' spraying with tie various preparations are sho^m in ta-bles; 
the percenta.ges give the a.verage for both species. In the first series 
of tests the anabasine and the salts were dissolved in water (with or 
without the addition of naphthene soap) at a concentration equivalent 
to 0.02 percent of the alkaloid. Lupinine was also tested at a higher 
concentration. Then used without the soap, the most effective was anabar' 
sine naphthenate, which hilled 79 percent of the aphids. If its 
efficiency is ra.ted as 100, the relative efficiencies of the other 
sprays were anaba.sine sulfate 91, ajia.basine resina.te 77, anabasine 58, 
and lupinine 5. TJhen naphthene soap was used in the sprays, the highest 
kill (89 percent) was obtained with anabasine sulfate, and the relative 
