- 23 - 
cr rjiabasine sulfate. I'o spra:' or dust has proved satisfactory against 
tie adults in the field. Anon~ other insecticides for control of the 
vhite r.p-ole leaf hopper, anabasine sulfate has proved equr.lly if not 
more effective than nicotine sulfate at the sane strength. This material 
rras used by commercial prefers in Connecticut in 1834 rvith good results 
but is novT (1936) off the market and cannot be obtaii'.ed. 
S!:alov, Skalova, and Ileleberdinskii (132) in 1935 reported that 
"Insectitzin," a new contact poison made of tobacco tar, nhich is a by- 
product obtained in the preparation of nicotine, proved to be the most 
effective of the sprays tested for the control of Tlirips t abaci . "Jsed 
at concentrations of 0.5 or 0.25 percent vrith the addition of 0.5 per- 
cent of soft soap, it was considerably more. toxic than anabasine sul- 
fate applied at the same or even higher concentrations and caused no 
injury to the tobacco plrjits. In a 0.2 percent concentration T-ith 0.3 
percent of soft soap, anabasine was more effective than anabasine sul- 
fate. Experiments carried out by Skalov and Keleberdinskii shorred that 
insecticides against the tlirips are most effective in control if applied 
at the beginning of the vegeta,tive period ^aen. the thrips are least 
numerous. The best method is to make t>jee applications 20, 27, and 
37 days, respectively, after the planting of the tobacco. 
Investigations by Skalov (131) showed that spraying with anabasine 
sulfate is ver^/- effective against I.'yzus persicae on tobacco, a concentra- 
tion of only 0.2 "oercent killing almost all the aphids if both surfaces of 
the leaves ^ere -re 11 covered by the spray. The addition of 1 percent of 
soft soap increased its effectiveness. The treatment did not injure 
the plants or affect the chemical composition or flavor of the tobacco 
from them. 
IZremer and Ilu-^achinskii (S5) in 193S stated that a carefully mixed 
dust of anabasine sulfate and finely ground slal:ed lime, called "Imago- 
cide" and containing 5 to 10 percent of anabasine, has proved effective 
in destroying mosquitoes in houses, sheds, etc. It keeps r'ell in corked 
bottles and is applied 'Jith a hand duster; contact '-'ith the smallest 
particle paralyzes and kills a mosquito in 1 to 2 minutes. 
Kag?nova-l^harnskaya (51) in 1933 reported that, in experiments in 
the Russian Far East, spraying with anabasine sulfate at concentrations 
of 0.1 and 0.2 percent gave 100 percent mortality of the cabbage aphid, 
Erevicor:,TLe brassicae (L.), in 24 hours, and good results against Aphi s 
gossypii Glov. on cucumbers in greenhouses were obtained even with a 
0.05-percent concentration. 
rotaraya (llO) in 1935 reported tests to control Aspidiotus destructor , 
'"lich has 2 or 3 generations a year in the tea regions of the U. S. S. R. 
Sprays of 0,07 percent of anabasine sulfate and 0.05 percent of nicotine 
sulfate, each vita the addition of dolphin-oil soap (l pound to 12 gal- 
lons), gave 89.1 and 85.4 percent mortality'', respectively, before scale 
formation. 
r-ichardson, Craig, and Hansberrj' (112) in 1936 reported a studj^ of 
the toxic action of nicotines, nornicotines, and anabasine upon Aphi s 
iumicis. 
