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the catttage aphid, 3i-evicoryne "brasslca e (L.), the "best results Tvere 
96.8 percent mortality in 3 da^s ^7ith a 4-percent dust in ccmlDination 
V7ith a highly alkaline white clay and 95.7 vrith a 7-percent dust in 
comtination v;ith lime. The rate of application was 90 pounds per acre. 
In tests against the apple aphis, Aphi s pomi Ceg., all the aphids were 
killed in 3 days after the application of a 4-percent dust, with wood ash 
as th'3 carrier, at the rate of 10 grams to a 4- or 5-year old tree. 
A 2-percent dust with wood ash or white clay killed 98.8 and S8.0 per- 
cent, respectively. In experiments against the app^e moth, Hyponomeuta 
padellus i-ialinelluG Zell., 91.4 percent of the larvae of the fourth and 
fifth instars were killed in the field and 100 percent in the lahoratory 
within 5 days "by a 7- and 4-perc9nt dust, respectively, mixed with white 
clay and applied at the rate of 3.5 ounces to an cl-year old tree. Dust 
mixed with wood ash came next in effectiveness. Special experiments 
with Aphi s pomi showed that analiasine sulfate maintained its effective- 
ness for 24 to 28 hours after application, apparently irrespective of the 
carrier used. 
The comparatively strong action of anatasine dust upon aphids 
transferred to leaves dusted with it may be explained "by a considerahle 
fumi2;ating action. However, the experiments conducted indicate that 
spraying is more effective. 
Sorogozhskaj'-a (144) in 1935 reported field experiments against the 
sawflj- Caliroa l imacin a Ketz. on cherry trees in the Department of Voro- 
nezh, U. S. S. E., in 1934. The sprays were applied on the 5th or 6th 
of August when most of the larvae were hatchinrT, on the 19th of August 
when they were in the second and third instars, and on the 2nd of Sep- 
temlDer when they were full fed. Anahasine sulfate, 0.05 and 0.1 percent, 
and nicotine sulfate, 0.1 percent, with soft soap, 0.4 percent, acted 
more quickly than paris i^^reen, 0.1 percent, with lime, 0.2 percent. 
The hest time for spraying is when the young larvae hatch. 
Lisitzuina (71) in 1935 reported that in the Russian ilnion the 
weevils St enocarus ful iginosus Mshl. and Ceutorliynchus macula-alha Hhst. 
cause severe daraa^^e to poppies, which are an important crop. Observa- 
tions on them were, therefore, carried out in 1933 and 1934 in the 
Department of Voronezh. In laboratory experiments with insecticides, 
dusts of anahasine sulfate (l:20), lime being the carrier used, gave ■ 
100 percent mortality of the weevils on the third day after the treat- 
ment. Sprays of anabasine sulfate and soap were less effective. Of 
all the insecticides tested, only calcium arsenite scorched the plants. 
Kraiter (64) in 1935 reported on the comparative toxicity of soaps 
in connection with their chemical composition and some physical and 
chemical properties. An accotu.t is given of laboratory experiments 
carried out in 1933 in Hussia on the toxicity to insects of various 
liquid soaps. Ttn acidity of the fatty acids extracted from vegetable 
oils, dolphin blubber, colophony, and naphthene vja.s determined, and 
neutral sodium, potassium, and ammonium soaps were prepared from them. 
Alkaloid soaps were also prepared by substituting nicotine and anabasine 
for the alkali. The tests were made on adults of Brevicoryne brassicae 
(L.) and a temperature of 21-24° C. [69.8-75.2° F.] was maintained. 
