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The Kev7 Jersey State Agricii3.tural Sxpericsnt Station (37) in its • 
annual report for 1935, reported that, oecav.se of frequent inquiries from 
grorrers as \7ell as manufacturing concerns on the value of anahasine sul- 
fate, a stud^.' was nade of the insecticidal properties of aaji^.TDasine sul- 
fate as compared vrith nicotine sulfate. The results of Ginshiirg et al. 
(35) are summarized. 
Savchenko and Ilolcrzhitzlcaya (126) in 1935 reported on the imectici- 
dal properties of nicotine sulphite in comparison rith some other nicotine 
preparations. 
A detailed account is given of investigations in the Ukraine in 
1932-1933 on the toxicity to insects of solutions of nicotine sulphite 
(the nicotine salt of sulphurous acid, which vras first prepared in 1S32) . 
In laboratory tests various aphids, the larvae of H7/po nomeuta ' oadellus 
malinellus Zell. and of the hug Pyrrhocoris a.pt erus (L.) '.vere immersed 
for 5 minutes in the various solutions hy a method similar to that of 
Shepard and Sichardson. The nicotine sulp'iite proved more toxic than 
nicotine sulfate, nicotine chJ.oride, nicotine naphthenate, or anauasine 
sulfate. The effect of nicotine sulphite on the aphids varied ^ith the 
different species and forms; the ^vingless females of the summer genera- 
tions were the most resistant species, 100 percent mortality of the larvae 
requiring a 0.105 percent concentration of 40 percent nicotine sulphite, 
as compared vith 0.040 and 0.053 percent concentrations for larvae of 
Aphis sgjDOuci L. and A. fahao Scop., respectively. The mean lethal con- 
centration for the various species of aphids treated T^as 0.031 percent of 
actual nicotine in the form of the sulphite as compared rdth 0.05 percent 
of chemically pure nicotine. In field tests, which were made against 
A phis fahae on "beet, a mortality of 96.98 percent was obtained only with 
a 0.23-0.25 percent concentration of 40 percent nicotine sulphite. 
Special experiments confirmed the higher toxicity of nicotine salts 
as compared with pure nicotine at equivalent concentrations, and did not 
support tie conclusions of de Ong ajid Shepard and Ilich^rdson, whose work 
is critically reviewed. The mean percentages of mortality of aphids 
treated with different nicotine salts and anabasine sulphite were 98 and 
91, respectively, as ccnpared with 77 and 85 for p-ore nicotine and anabasine, 
At Goncentrat ions -equivalent by weight, hoT/ever, nicotine. cr ejiabasine pro- 
duced a slightly higher mortality than the salts. 
The high toxicity of nicotine sulphite solutions may be explained 
by the complex action of the nicotine and of sulfur dioxide liberated 
during iTj^drolysis, and by such physical properties as high viscosity and 
low surface tension. The effect of these factors on the toxicitjr of the 
various nicotine and ane^basine preparations is discussed, and the corre- 
lation is shown in graphs and formulas. It was found that with the in- 
crease in the toxicity of the preparation, the cxirve of viscosity shov/ed 
a pronounded tendency to rise, whereas that of the surface tension dropped. 
Klokov (60) in 1935 reported tests against the hessian fly, 
Phy t ophaga de st r uctor_ (Say) (liayetiola destructor (Say)) on wheat in the 
Ukraine and the Crimea. 
