- !•? - 
is tiae solution of anaoasine sulfate vrith the same anoiuat of soap. In 
the Crimea in 1934, solutions of 0.1 percent of anaoasine sulfate were 
tested on -"yzus (llyzoides ) persicae (Sulz.) 'The aphids vrere immersed 
"oy a method alread"'- described, "but to ^-et them evenly the test tuoes 
v/ere slov/ly rotated round their perpendicular axes, first in one 
direction and then in the other. 3ach test lasted 2 minutes, after 
TThich the aphids were kept at 25° C. [77° F.] and 70-75 percent relative 
humidity for 24 ho-Jirs, and the dead and living individuals were counted. 
-1 stilled water was used in the control. The solutions were prepared 
with distilled water and water taken from a well and a river, the 
dei,rees (G-erman) of hardness of which were 9.8 and 15.6, respectively, 
and were applied alone or with the addition of 0.1 percent of soap or 
0.2 percent of lime. 'Then anaoasine sulfate was used alone, the 
nortalitj'- percentages were 19.15, 47.56, and 60.2 in distilled, well, 
and river water respectively, '"ith soap, the corresponding figures 
were 98.91, 88.04, and 94.68; and with lime, 53.06, 63.54, and 82.95. 
The author considers that alkaline earths in the hard waters liberated 
part of the allcaloid and that the toxicity of the hard-water solutions 
was decreased oy the addition of soap "because it softened the water, 
-o determine the Gest proportion of line in sprays prepared with the 
well water, it was added at the rate of 0.2-0.8 percent to 0.1 percent 
of anaoasine sulfate. The highest mortality (74.47 percent) was 
olDtained with 0.3 percent of lime. 
G-inshurg, Schinitt, and Granett (35) in 1935 reported on the compara- 
tive toxicity of ana-tasine and nicotine s'ulfates to insects. In prelimi- 
nary work in 1931, 0.1 percent of anahasine sulfate applied as a contact 
spray killed 100 percent of honey^bees in 24 hours. Onl;'- 10 percent died 
in the same period when fed on honey containing 0.2 percent of anabasine 
sulfate . 
In 1934, in laboratory'- tests with sprays of anabasine avnd nicotine 
sulfate with 0.2 percent of coconut oil soap as wetting agent, each at 
a dilution of 1:2400 gave over 90 percent mortality of Aphis pomi Deg. 
and Aphis rumicis L. .^t half or a quarter of this strength anabasine 
sulfate was decidedly more toxic than nicotine sulfate; at 1:4800 it 
killed over 90 percent of both aphids. Hacrosiphum rosae (L.) was more 
resistant to both sprays, but anabasine sulfate was in all cases more 
efficient. The wetting, agent used alone killed 14, 21, and 13 percent 
of the three aphids, respectively. In greenhouse tests with a dilution 
of 1:2400 against aphids on chrysanthemums, both insecticides killed 
100 percent of iiacrosiphum ( ^lacrosiphoniella ) sanborni (Gill.), but 
anabasine sulfate killed 87.1 to 87.8 percent of Hhopalo siphum 
rufomaculatum ("'ilson), and nicotine sulfate killed only 32.1 to 28.8 
percent . 
"iThen applied as a stomach poison to Bombyx mori L. , at dilutions of 
1:400, nicotine sulfate killed 100 percent in 2 days and anabasine sul- 
fate 30 percent in 3 days. At 1:800 they killed 95 and 15 percent 
respectively in 3 days. The neutral wetting agent used (O.l percent of 
Arescap) killed none. "uHien a,dults of Melanoplus femur-rubrum (Dag.) 
were fed on tomato plants sprayed with dilutions of 1:800 and 1:400 
with 0.1 percent of Arescap, nicotine sulfate killed 80 and 90 percent 
and anabasine sulfate 40 and 60 percent. Arescap alone killed 15 percent. 
