- 1€ - 
Garman (28) in 1934 reported studies on the control of the white 
apple leafhopper, IN'-phlocy'ba pomaria i.IcAtee , in Connecticut. This in- 
sect \7as tmusually abundant on apple in 1929-1930. Anabasine sulfate 
1:800 ''.'ithout soap caused a redi;.ction of 98.5 percent of second-genera- 
tion nymphs, ilicotine silfate similarly tested caused reductions of 89.4, 
90,1, and 96.1 percent. 
Garman (29) in 1934 reported tests of ten proprietary'- insecticiJ'.es 
against Aphi s r-gmicis L. on nastiXTtium leaves in greenhouses. None T7as 
as effective as nicotine sulfate or anaoa-sine siilfate. At a dilution of 
1:3200 with the addition of soap, anabasine sulfate vras superior to 
nicotine sulfate. Apparently neither inoecticide deteriorated v^ith 
keeping. ?ure anabasine gave "better control than pure nicotine alkaloid, 
"both in water alone and with p-'ore soap, '.'hen 1 quart of either sulfate 
was used with 4 poimds of soap flakes in 200 gallons of water against 
Anurami s roseus (3aker) on apple, anabasine sulfate was slightly more 
toxic to aphids that were actuallj?- covered with spray. In other trials 
both materials gave good control at 1:800 viith. soap, and favorable re- 
sults were obtained by combining anabasine sulfate with lime-sulrjr , 
Anabasine sulfate (l:1000) with 1 part of bead soap almost completely 
exterminated Ilyzus persicae (Sulz.) on peach seedlings. Tests on eggs 
of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) , show that 
anaba.sine sulfate lias no value as en ovicide, and it is apparently not 
a stomach poison, 
Fleming and Baker (25) in 1934 reported on the effectiveness of 
several stomach poisons against tlie Japanese beetle, Popillia .jaDonica 
Ne^Tm. , when determined under controlled conditions. In each test 
1000 beetles were confined in 5 cages without food (so that their 
mortalit" could be subtracted from that of the poisoned ones to allow 
for the repellent auction of the insecticide on some individuals), 1000 
v/ith plants sprayed with commercial acid lead arsenate (8 po-onds to 
100 gallons, which proved slightly more effective than higher dosages), 
and 1000 with plants sprayed with the material to be tested. The 
efficiency'- of 8 pounds of lead arsenate being reckoned as 1, the 
values of 1, 2, 4, atid 5 pounds v;ere respectively 0.4, 0.7, 0.84 and 0.9. 
The spray was applied 24 hours before the beetles fed, and half the 
leaves were washed with the eo^uivalent of 1 inch of rain, which reduced 
the efficiency of the standard 8-go^jnd spray to 0.61. The efficiencies 
of nicotine and anabasine sulfate as dusts (5. percent absorbed on 
bentonite) was 0.22 and 0.03 respectively. 
1935 
Vaviloy and Ilukhitdinova (15?) in 1935 published a report on the 
substitution of lime for soap in solutions of anabasine sulfate. In 
the 'J. S. S. R. anabasine sulfate is largely used as an insecticide, 
soft soap or sometimes lime being added to the spray. The authors 
consider that the great variations in the concentrations of anabasine 
sulfate required are probably due to differences in the hardness of 
water employed. The soap serves to liberate the free alkaloid; but 
when the water is hard, much of the soap reacts with the calcium and 
magnesium salts present, so that the harder the water, the less toxic 
