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There ras a correlation 'oet'Teeii tlie rel-^.tive toxicity and the tasicity 
(dissociation const?nts) of- the corpounds , th^ former decreasinei: £-s 
the latter increased. The causes cf this are discussed. The toxicity 
of most of the corapoicids to goldiich, tadpoles, and luoin seedlings are 
included for conparison. The Tae-ro-nicotine vras considera'^ly niore toxic 
to aphids thcji the opticr-lly inactive mixt-are (dl-nicotine) and also 
more toxic th^n anahasine. 
Cpjaphell, Sullivan, and Smith (l6) in 1933 conpered the relative 
toxicity of nicotire, ana"basine, methyl ana'oasine, and luplnine for 
culicine r.osqiiito larvae. The anahasine, methyl anahasine, and, Irpinine 
viere preiiared from e. cbmr.'ercial insecticide laheled "anatasine sulfate, 
40 percent." Based on the concentration required to kill 5C percent of 
a population of larv3,e culicine -nosouitoes, Gulex pipier s, C. territans , 
?nd C. quinquerasci atus , in S hours \t P.S.r^o C. [84.74^ I.j, the 
the relative toxicity of the fotir alte-i.loid'5 is as foll^T.s: nicotine 100, 
anahasine 38, methyl rjiatasine 21, and lupinins 6 (?). According to the 
unpublished ohserva.ticn of other ^or.'cers, ijicotine and a-nahasine may 'be 
equally effective aga.inst apids. Ficotins and anahasine are ruch less 
toxic th.an rotenone against inoyquito larvae and ncusefiies, 
Garnan and Tc-'nsehd io2) in 1933 reported on the seasona.l life his- 
tory of the T7hite a,pple leafhopper, ^-phlocyoa. pom aria IvicAtee, and. experi- 
ments in its control in Connecticut. Extensive field ccints made in apple 
orchards in Connecticut in 1932 sho\7ed that the first nj^phs a-ppeared 
early in May, hatching- he ing complete a.hout the middls of. June; In experi- 
ments on the suismer hrood, sprays of nicotine sulfate and soap had some 
residual effect in killing eggs within the lea.ves, or rymphs after ha.tch- 
ing and feeding on spr.a-'-ed foliage. Ilar.y more n^rmphs hatched from un- 
sprayed "branches than frcm those sprayed vrith 1 percent oil and 1:500 
nicotine sulfa.te. The addition of 3 pounds of soap to a spray of 1 pint 
of nicotine sulfate in 100 gallons of T;ater shorred no significant differ- 
ence in field comits. Spraying should he directed a.gainst the lower 
surfaces of the lea.ves. Anaha.sine* sulfate killed as na.ny nyriphs a.s did 
nicotine sulfate rrheii used a.t the same dilution in sna-11 field experiments. 
Carmaji (27) in 1933 reported greenhouse tests which showed commercial 
anahasine sulfate to he about 5 times as toxic for Aphi s rumicis as nico- 
tine sulfate. Under greenhouse conditions commercial anahasine sulfate 
ga,ve a good clean-up of i'yzus percicae (Sulz.) at 1:1000 without spreader. 
Aphis spiraecola Pfitch on spirea hushes were killed at 1:1500, and anaha- 
sine sulfa-te was equa.l to nicotine sulfate against n;^Tnphs of Typhlocyoa 
pomaria I.IcAtP.e on a-pple trees. Ho foliage injury wa,s caused by anahasine 
sulfa.te. 
Bogdanov-Kat ' kov (12) in 1933 wrote that as an insecticide the com- 
mercial solution of anaha-sine sulfa.te containing 35 to 40 percent of 
ana.ba.sine may be used as a„ spray- at a concentration of 0.03 percent with 
the addition of 0.4 percent of soft soa^p or naphthene soap. For orchard 
spraying, etc., the soap ma.y be omitted and the ajiabasine sulfa^te com- 
bined a-t the" same ra.te with waiter containing 0.08 percent of fine freshly 
slaked lime or with lime sulfur (l:60); it is not effective if used alone. 
