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Table 1. — Oviposition of Hype ra brunneipenni s under insectary conditions 
on alfalfa, hubam. and sourclover. Yuma. Ariz. . December 
1939 to May 1940 
Approximate Number of eggs deposited 
Date oviposition Mean eggs Mean 
Cage established period (months) Total per female average 
593 
Alfalfa 
Dec. 
9 
4 
5,810 
605 1/ 
do. 
do 
4i 
5.158 
580 1/ 
Hubam 2/ 
Jan. 
4 
5 
7,729 
1.066 
do. 
do 
3 
3,602 
563 
Sourclover 
2/ 
do 
3i 
5,292 
864 
do. 
do 
3 
5,202 
724 
815 
794 
1/ A mean number of 105.8 eggs per female was deposited on alfalfa 
before cages on other hosts were established. 
2/ Adults used were already ovipositing when these cages were es- 
tablished. 
aestivate for approximately 8 months, emerge, and survive for a further per- 
iod of 5 or 6 months in the field, a total period of some 13 to 14 months. 
The majority of adults apparently live from 10 to 11 months. 
Adult Dissemination 
Adults possess well-developed wings, but none have been observed in 
flight in the field or captured on tanglefoot screens. Attempts to force 
flight were unsuccessful. Adults are capable of flight, however, this having 
been observed on several occasions in the laboratory. Nothing is known con- 
cerning the frequency, the time, or the distance of adult flight in the 
field, and no evaluation of its importance in dissemination and spread can 
as yet be made. There was considerable local movement of adults by crawling, 
but it is unlikely that any great distances are thus covered., especially 
after the adults have established themselves satisfactorily in fields. 
THE EGG STAGE 
Description 
The freshly deposited egg (fig. 1, C) is bright lemon yellow but be- 
comes dusky or dark in appearance, usually in about a week. It is oval in 
shape, averaging 0.63 mm. in length and 0.40 mm. in width; the length ranges 
from 0.54 to 0.70 ram, and the width from 0.36 to 0.44 mm. 
