KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF CLASS I. 
107 
3. 
Stamens borne on the calyx , or where the calyx ( when coherent ) separates from the ovary. 
Petals many, in several rows. 
Shrubs with opposite simple leaves and dingy-purple flowers, 
Leafless fleshy plants, of singular shapes, 
W ater-plants, with the large flowers and leaves floating on the surface, 
Petals 4 or 5, rarely 6. 
Leaves with stipules, alternate, 
Leaves without stipules. Pods many-seeded. 
Style and stigma one. Pod surrounded by the free calyx, 
Styles or stigmas 3 to 8. Calyx coherent below with the ovary. 
Shrubs: leaves opposite. Pod with several cells. Philadelphus in Saxifrage F 
Herbs : leaves fleshy. Pod one-celled, opening by a lid, Purslane F 
Carolina-Allspice F. 152 
Cactus F. 153 
Water-Lily F. 120 
Rose F. 146 
Lythrum F. 159 
157 
130 
B. Stamens 10 or fewer. 
1. Corolla irregular. (Pistil one.) 
Leaves opposite, palmately compound. Calyx 5-toothed. Shrubs or trees, Horsechestnut F . 139 
Leaves alternate, with stipules. 
Filaments often united, but not the anthers. Two lower petals approaching or joined. 
Pod simple, with only one row of seeds, Pulse F. 141 
Filaments short: anthers 5, united. Lower petal with a sac or spur at the base. Pod 
with 3 rows of seeds on the walls, Violet F. 126 
Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flower generally 1-spurred or 2-spurred. 
Stamens 5, short; their anthers a little united. Pod bursting at the touch, Balsam F. 136 
Stamens 8, separate. Fruit of 3 thick and closed pieces, Indian-Cress F. 136 
Stamens 6, in two sets. Flower closed. Pod one-celled, Fumitory F. 123 
2. Corolla regular , or nearly so. 
Stamens just as many as the petals, and standing one before each of them. 
Pistils more than one, and separate. Petals 6. Flowers dioecious, 
Pistil with one ovary but with five separate styles, 
Pistil and style one (the latter sometimes cleft at the summit). 
Anthers opening by uplifted valves or doors. Petals 6 or 8, 
Anthers not opening by valves, but lengthwise. 
Woody vines. Calyx minute: petals falling very early, 
Shrubs. Calyx larger, its divisions 4 or 5, 
Herbs. Ovary and pod one-celled. 
Sepals 2 : petals 5 : stigmas 3, 
Sepals as many as the petals : style single : stigma one, 
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many, or of 
Calyx with its tube adherent to the surface of the ovary. 
Stamens 3, united with each other more or less. Flowers monoecious, 
Stamens distinct, as many or twice as many as the petals. 
8 
Moonseed F. 118 
Leadwort F. 173 
Barberry F. 119 
Grape-Vine F. 137 
Buckthorn F. 138 
Purslane F. 130 
Primrose F. 173 
some unequal number. 
Gourd F. 154 
