POPULAR FLORA. 
177 
* * Flowers in a terminal loose raceme. 
8. Thyme-leaved S. Smooth and small, 2' to 4' high from a creeping base; leaves ovate or oblong, 
the lowest petioled and rounded. Fields, everywhere. V. serpgllifblia. 
* * * Flowers in the axils of the upper leaves. Root annual. 
7. Purslane S. or Neckweed. Smooth, branching, erect; lower leaves oval or oblong, toothed, 
and petioled; uppermost oblong-linear, sessile, and entire. Cult, grounds, &c. V. peregr'ma. 
8. Cohn S. Hairy; lower leaves ovate, crenate, petioled ; the upper sessile, lance-shaped, and entire. 
Cultivated grounds. V. arvensis. 
Toadflax. Linaria. 
1. Common T. (Butter-and-Eggs, Ramsted). Stems branching, crowded with the pale linear 
leaves; flowers crowded in a close raceme, large and showy, pale yellow with the palate orange- 
colored. A weed in fields and road-sides. L. vulgaris. 
2. Wild T. Stem very slender, simple, with scattered linear leaves; prostrate shoots at the bottom 
with broader leaves; flowers very small, blue, in a slender raceme. Sandy soil. L. Canadensis. 
Gerardia. Gerardia. 
Plants with large and showy somewhat leafy-racemed flowers ; the corolla a little irregular, but hardly 
2-lipped. Stamens woolly or hairy; the 4 anthers approaching in pairs. FI. late summer and autumn. 
* Corolla rose-purple: calyx bell-shaped, with 5 short teeth: plants low and bushy-branehed. 
1. Purple G. Leaves linear, rough-margined ; flowers 1' long, short-stalked. G. purpurea. 
2. Slender G. Leaves linear; flower about P long, on a long and slender stalk. G. tenuifblia. 
* * Corolla yellow, with a rather long tube, woolly inside: calyx 5-cleft, leaf-like. 
.3. Downy G. Stem (3° or 4° high) and oblong or lance-shaped leaves clothed with a fine close down, 
upper leaves entire, lower ones sinuate or pinnatifid. Woods. G. Jlava. 
4. Smooth G. Smooth throughout and glaucous, 3° to 6° high; lower leaves twice pinnatifid, upper 
once pinnatifid or entire. Rich woods. G. quercifolia. 
5. Cut-leaved G. Rather downy, busliy-branched, 2° or 3° high, very leafy ; leaves pinnatifid, the 
crowded divisions cut and toothed. G. pediculana. 
62. VERVAIN FAMILY. Order VERBENACEA1. 
Herbs or shrubby plants, with opposite leaves, a 2-lipped or unequally 5- (or rarely 4-) 
lobed corolla, and 4 stamens in pairs (i. e. 2 long and 2 short ones) : the pistil with a single 
ovary and only one seed in each cell ; the fruit either berry-like with 4 stones, or dry and 
splitting into 2 or 4 akenes, or in Lopseed consisting of a single akene. This family is in- 
termediate between the foregoing order and the next. The two following are the com- 
monest genera. 
Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Corolla 2-lipped. Ovary 1-celled, simple. Herb, in woods, 
with small whitish flowers in slender and loose spikes; the calyx containing 
the akene, turned down in fruit, ( Phnjma ) Lopseed. 
Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, with 5 slightly unequal lobes. Flowers 
in spikes or heads, summer and autumn, ( Verbena) Vervain. 
