SALMON AND SALMON EIVERS OF ALASKA. 
181 
Karluk Lake. 
Water. 
Air. 
Keniarks. 
August 18: 
0 
50 
o 
51. 5 
August 19: 
50 
47 
55 
Cloudy. 
54. 5 
53 
August 20 : 
3G. 5 
55 
C5 
77 
Tho hottest yet on the island. A beautiful 
briglit, warm, sunshiny day. At 5 a. m. Air. 
Lewis found the teiinieraturo to be 35.5°. 
A beautiful, faultless morning. 
August 21 : 
48.5 
30. 5 
August -2 (Barabara, on Karluk Kiver) : 
48.5 
50.5 
The foregoing temperatures were taken with thermometer 6801, which was left here 
by Mr. Stone. The temperatures which follow were taken with thermometer 6802 
August 27, 6 p. m., Karlnk Bay, 52°; Kaiiuk River, 53.5°; air, 56°; fair. August 28, 7 a. m., 
Karluk Bay, 50° ; Karluk River, 51.5°; air, 53°; cloudy; 12 noon, Karluk B.ay, 51°; Karluk River, 
51°; air, 54°; cloudy; 6 p. m., Karluk Bay, 50.5; Karluk River, 50.5°; cloudy. August 29,7 a. iii., 
Karluk Bay, 50.5° ; Karluk River, 48° ; air, 52° ; fair. August 30, Afognak, very stormy aud windy ; 
6 p. m., bay, 49.5° ; air, 49.5°. August 31, Afognak, rain-storm ; 7 a. m., bay, 54.5° ; 12 noon, bay, 49.5°; 
air, 52°; 6 p. m., bay, 49.5°; 8 p. m.,air, 47.°. September 1, Afognak, clear ; 7 a. m., bay, 47.5°; air, 
47.5°; noon, bay, 56°, air, 60°; 6 p. m., bay, 51. .5°, air, 53°. Litnik River, 10 .a. m., bay, 47.5° ; village, 
49.5°; dam, 50°; clear. September 2, Afognak, 7 a. m., bay, 49..5° ; air, 47°; clear; noon, bay, 53°; 
air, 58°; cloudy ; 6 p. m., bay, 52°; air, 53° ; cloudy. September 3, Uyak Bay, on steamer Aleut, 6 p. 
m., air, 47.5° ; rainy; 9 p. tii., air, 45° ; r.ainy. September 4, Uyak Bay, on steamer Aleut, 7 a. m., air, 
46°; fair; noon, air, 51° ; fair ; 6 p. m., air, 50° ; fair. September 5, 7 a. m., Karluk Bay, 47° ; Kar- 
Ink River, 46° ; air, 43°. 
Annual rain-fall at St. Paul, Kadiak. 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
Inches. 
65. 70 
54. 25 
61.06 
64.96 
245. 97 
Average 61. 49 
In December and January the rain-fall is usually greatest. In September it is 
l)retty heavy. Snow comes down on the west side of the mountains in summer to within 
about 500 feet of the sea-level. 
During the time of our stay at Karluk there were no obstructions, either natural 
or artificial, to the ascent of the salmon in the river, unless we may regard the low 
summer stage of the water in such a light. There were remains of some traps of 
wire netting which had been placed in the river by certain parties, but these traps 
did not remain long in the water before they were destroyed by some of the fisher- 
men. In former years there have been impassable barriers to the ascent of the fish, 
but these were removed before the date of our exploration. It is certain that the 
seining operations, carried on almost without interruption, except during twenty-four 
hours in the week, prevent many salmon from going up the stream for the purpose of 
spawning. The number of salmon, actually caught in Karluk Bay, near the river 
mouth and in the lower portion of the river, is so large as to make a true statement 
concerning them seem incredible. In 1888 the canneries put up over 200,000 cases, 
