284 
BULLETIN Ofc" THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
to the Ugaguk Eiver, and thence to the Naknek Eiver, with hardly a distinguishing 
feature, except Johnston’s Hill, a solitary elevation 5 miles from the heach and about 
9 miles S. J E. from the month ot the Naknek. The coast sweeps in a graceful curve 
to the northward between Cape Grey and the Ugaguk, and thence to the eastward to 
the Naknek Eiver. A gravel bank lines the coast in several places, behind which a 
narrow strip of water is seen, xaarticularly at or near high tide. 
The Naknek Eiver may be considered as the head of deep-water navigation in 
Bristol Bay. The Albatross found anchorage in 6 fathoms about 6 miles southwest 
from Cape Suworof, the water shoaling rapidly to 3 fathoms toward the head of the 
bay. Vessels of moderate draft can pass the bar at high water, but there is hardly 
depth enough to float a ship’s boat when the tide is out. It is deeper inside, however, 
and a small vessel may find anchorage with swinging room. There is a fishing station 
on the river which is visited periodically by a small steam tender. The South Head 
is in latitude 58° -12' 04.3" IST., and longitude 157° 02' 45.4" W.. High water, full and 
change, 1 hour 5 minutes; rise, 23 feet. Shoal ground makes oflf from the west 
shore, Qpnflniug the channel in one place to about 3 miles in width. It may possibly 
be a middle ground with a channel on either side, but the conditions off Etolin Point 
seem to disprove this. 
The Nushagak Eiver is assuming considerable importance as the location of a 
trading station and of several large and well-equipped salmon-canning establishments. 
Protection Point, the entrance to the river, is 50 miles SW. by W. from the Eaknek 
Eiver, and, owing to swift currents and extensive shoals, it may be classed among the 
most intricate pieces of navigation in Bristol Bay. A 6-knot current is frequently 
encountered, hence the shifting of banks and shoals must be expected, and the neces- 
sity for the constant use of the hand lead becomes too obvious to require remark; 
indeed, the warning from a lead on each side will leave but a small margin of safety 
at times. The laud on both sides of the entrance is very low, and it is difficult to 
recognize Etolin Point even under favorable conditions. A vessel from the westward 
would make the Walrus Group and follow the coast to Cape Constantine, and, having 
cleared the outlying shoals, stand in for Protection Point, which is difficult of recog- 
nition from a distance. 
Nichol’s Hills, 280 feet in height, are a cluster of rounded elevations 5 miles north- 
west of the above point, and are the first natural objects distinguishable on the penin- 
sula. Bring them to bear west-northwest and stand in, keeping them on that bearing 
until Protection Point bears about south, and anchor, making due allowance for falling 
tide. 
There is a pilot station on the Point, with a small flagstaff', on which a flag will 
be hoisted if the pilot is at home. He is an Esquimau, and speaks very little English, 
but he knows the channel. If he is not at the Point when the vessel arrives, he will 
probably be at Ekuk, and may be expected on board within a few hours if the weather 
is not too rough for his kayak. A stranger should not attempt to enter without a 
pilot, unless from necessity. 
Clark’s Point is 18 miles north by west from Protection Point, the usual anchorage 
being from half a mile to a mile above it. 
Ekuk, an Esquimau village, is on the bluff nearly 3 miles below Clark’s Point. 
Clark’s Point is a bluff 200 feet in height, beginning below Ekuk and extending 
2 or 3 miles up the river, and thence to Eushagak. It varies from 100 to 150 feet in 
