FISHING GROUNDS OF BRISTOL BAY. 
285 
height. The west side is generally lower, but from Coffee Point to the northward the 
bluffs rise from 50 to 200 feet. 
The reconnoissauce of the Lower Nushagak was made during the few days we were 
detained in the river. The i)riucipal points are located by triaugulatiou, Clark’s Point 
by astronomical observations, and the reduction of soundings to low water depends 
upon the tides during our stay. It is to be regretted that we were unable to extend 
the soundings to the west shore. 
The Nushagak Packing Company have a cannery at Clark’s Point, and there are 
three others, besides a trading station, in the river, the latter at Nushagak, formerly 
called Fort Alexander. Vessels of moderate draft can reach the canneries, and, with 
a little care, find anchorage with sufficient water even during the lowest tides. The 
timber line is well defined about 3 miles below the mouth of Wood Eiver, and extends 
to the westward as far as the eye can reach. The weather was pleasant during our 
stay, and, from all reports, they have less fog in the Nushagak than in any other part 
of Bering Sea. 
Clark’s Point (foot of bluff) is in latitude 58° 49' 14" N. and longitude 158° 31' 43.9" 
W. High water, full and change, 0 hours 53 minutes, aijproximate; rise, 24 feet. 
Variation, 23° 40' east. 
Cape Constantine, the southeast extremity of land at the entrance to the I^Iushagak, 
is very low, and shoals extend 10 or 12 miles to the southward and eastward, making 
its approach in thick weather very dangerous. There is said to be a channel between 
the cape and the first shoal, but the report requires verification. The coast line 
increases in height to the westward of tbe cape, the headlands in Kulukak and Togiak 
Bays reaching an altitude of 500 feet or more. 
The Walrus Croup is composed of three islands and three rocks, all above water, 
extending 16 miles east and west, and about 6 miles north and south. 
Round Island, the easternmost of the groui), lies W. ^ S., 36 miles from Cape Con- 
stantine. It is nearly 2 miles in length, three-quarters of a mile wide, and about 800 
feet high, its west end being in latitude 58° 36' 09" N. and in longitude 159° 57' 51.7" W. 
Crooked Island is between 4 and 5 miles in length and 2 miles in greatest width. 
The eastern part is rather low, but toward the western extremity the elevation is 
nearly equal to that of Round Island. There is quite a large bay on the northeast 
side, but we did not examine it. 
High Island, the westernmost of the group, is 4 miles in length, about a mile in 
width, and 900 feet or more in height. 
The Twins are two isolated rocks 4 miles to the southward of Crooked Island, 
the larger 300 and the smaller 100 feet in height. 
Black Rock, about 150 feet high, lies 1 mile to the northward of the south end of 
Crooked Island. 
No other outlying dangers were seen in passing between the islands and the main- 
land. From 6 to 10 fathoms were found abreast of the group, the depth gradually 
decreasing to 3 fathoms off' the north end of Hagemeister Island. We were near the 
shore, however, and would doubtless have fouud more water in mid-channel. 
Hagemeister Island lies 9 miles west of High Island, and is 14 miles in length and 
8 in width. It is mountainous except for about 5 miles at the north end. Shoal ground 
surrounds the island and extends from 20 to 25 miles to the eastward, including the 
area between Hagemeister and the Walrus Groui>. 
