392 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
gravity observations were made as nearly as possible 10 minutes of latitude apart. 
To the westward of this first line, a series of such lines were run out from the shore 
well into the Gulf Stream, at intervals of 10 minutes of longitude. There were nine 
of these lines, four of which were afterwards duplicated, and upon each of these lines 
at right angles to the coast there were usually twelve or thirteen stations. Lack of time 
and the limitations of our craft (it being a sailing'^ vessel) prevented the repetition of 
more of these lines, which we had intended doing. The position of the instruments 
upon the cable was determined experimentally, and we finally adopted the follow- 
ing depths: The instruments were placed upon the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 
150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 fathom points, and thus, with the surface observation, 
seventeen observations in all were made at all the deep-sea stations ; of course in shal- 
lower water fewer observations were made, but the intervals between the instruments 
remained the same. 
It will be seen that the instruments were placed closer together near the surface 
where the changes of temperature were most rapid. By this means we sought to 
obtain a cross section, so to speak, of the water on each of the lines, which were from 
120 to 130 miles long. 
In case the work is continued next season, it would be advisable to establish an 
observing station upon the Nantucket New South Shoal Light-ship, in order that a 
systematic study may be made of the changes in temperature and specific gravity 
and also of the atmospheric conditions which accompany them. Such a series of 
observations is very much needed as a basis of comparison, and a series extending 
through a whole year and if possible for a longer period would be most useful in con- 
nection with the problem which we are studying. At the same time, many interest- 
ing observations might be recorded upon the tides, force of currents, etc., as well as 
upon the movements of the fish. Should it also be possible to obtain the cooperation 
of a Coast Survey steamer, as has been suggested, to work in conjunction with the 
Orampus, a larger area extending farther to the eastward could be marked out for 
investigation, but the observations should still conform to the same system of lines 
running outward from the coast at intervals of 10 miles. As many of these lines as it 
is possible to run in the course of one month should be completed by the steamer, 
which should then repeat the same lines during each succeeding month, while the 
Orampus might follow at intervals of about two weeks on some of the lines, perhaps 
30 minutes apart, in this manner supplying intermediate series of observations. 
In the work of the past summer I was assisted by William F. Magie, PH. D., 
Assistant Professor of Physics in Princeton College, C. G. Rockwood, jr., ph. d., Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics in Princeton College, and Malcolm McNeill, ph. d.. Professor 
of Mathematics and Astronomy in Lake Forest University. Professor Magie re- 
mained with me during the entire season and Professor Rockwood during the first 
part of the summer, his place on the last trip of the Grampus being taken by Professor 
McNeill. It affords me great pleasure to acknowledge, in this connection, their con- 
scientious performance of duty, their valuable advice and cheerful cooperation, to 
which is due much of the success of the expedition. I also take this occasion to refer 
to the valuable assistance rendered by Passed Asst. Engineer W. B, Bayley, U. S Navy, 
and Mr. John Maxwell in connection with the fitting out of the vessel ; the efficient aid of 
the officers and crew of the Grampus, and the ingenuity and skill of our two engineers, 
Mr. Lynch and Mr. Rogers. 
