PHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS OFF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST. 
411 
REPORT UPON THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 
BY W. K. BROOKS, PH. D., 
Professor of Morphology , Jolms Hopkins University. 
Tlie following surface animals were collected by the Grampus : 
Salpa oaboti. — More than 1,000 specimens each of the chain and solitary forms. 
Salpa Clotho. — About 100 specimens of the chain and 20 of the solitary form. 
Salpa, n. sp. — A few mutilated specimens of what seems to be a new species 
were brought up on the thermometer tubes. 
Salpa, n. sp. — A single specimen of a species which has not yet been identified. 
Salpa pinnATA. — One of the most remarkable results of the explorations made by 
I the Grampus is the discovery of this species in great abundance along our coast. Two 
j specimens were obtained in 1888 and more than 100 in 1889, and as it is a large and 
conspicuous species the fact that its occurrence in our waters has never been recorded 
is noteworthy. The collection contains great numbers of specimens of the chain form 
at all stages of development and four specimens of the solitary form with stolons. 
The fact that this species is generally distinct from the ordinary Salpa has already 
been pointed out, and Herdman has proposed for it the generic name Cyclosalpa. My 
own study of its structure and development shows that it is a primitive type, midway 
between Pyrosoma and Salpa, and it is therefore peculiarly adapted for the intelligent 
study of the process of budding, upon the history and origin of which it gives most 
conclusive evidence. 
Part 4 of vol. xxiii of the Jenaische Zeitschrift contains a most thorough and 
exhaustive memoir by Seeliger ou the development of Pyrosoma (Zur Entwicklungs- 
geschichte der Pyrosomeu, mit tafelu xxx-xxxvii), in which the author confirms, in 
all essential particulars, the accounts which Huxley and Kowalevsky have given us 
of the process of budding in Pyrosoma. Seeliger’s account is much more minute and 
detailed than the older papers, and is a most valuable contribution to our knowledge 
of the subject, and in fact it appears to be so complete as to leave nothing more to be 
done, but it shows also that the older accounts were perfectly accurate, although they 
were less exhaustive than Seeliger’s researches. 
In a paper which I published in 1886, in vol. iii of the “ Studies from the Bio- 
logical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins XFuiversity,” on “ The Anatomy and Devel- 
opment of the Salpa Chain,” I showed that, after the secondary complications due to 
crowding and pressure are allowed for, the process of budding in Salpa is strictly 
comparable in every essential x>articular with that which had been described in 
Pyrosoma by Huxley and Kowalevsky ; that “ the Salpa chain is a single series of 
animals like the Pyrosoma stolon ; the middle plane of the stolon the same as those 
of the Salpae; that the right halves of all the bodies arise on the right half of the 
stolon, and their left halves on its left, and that they are not formed by budding from 
its walls but by the direct conversion of its tissues and cavities into those of the 
Salpa, and that the process is directly comparable, in every particular, with the pub- 
lished accounts of what occurs in Pyrosoma,’^ (Page 472.) 
My reason for publishing the paper was, as I then stated, the appearance of 
Seeliger’s paper on the budding of Salpa (Die Knospung der Salpeu, von Oswald 
Seeliger, Jen. Zeitschrift^ xix, 1885), and I showed that this author, like all the others 
