OBSERVATIONS ON FISH SCALES. 
159 
Subfamily SERRANINiE. Sea basses. (PI. xxxvii.fig. 31.) 
The following have been examined: 
Centropristes siriatus {l,\nme.vis), black sea bass. Woods Hole, Mass. vScales subquadrate, about 8 inm. 
long and broad; ctenoid area very beautifully developed; apical teeth truncate and often broadened 
at base; nucleus subapical; basal radii 9 or 10; lateral circuli running parallel with margin. 
Paralabrax maculofasciatus (Steindachner), spotted cabrilla. Guaymas, Mexico (Albatross). Scales 
about 4 mm. long and broad, the long, parallel-sided form very different from that of Ceniro- 
pristes; basal radii 8 to ii. 
Fig. 20. — Epincphelus nivea- 
tus (Serranidse). Ctenoid 
structures . Bureau of 
Fisheries. 
Young. 
Fig. 21. — Moranc americana (Serranida;). Ctenoid structures. Bureau of 
Fisheries. 
F'lG. 22. — Priacanthus (Priacanthidai). Fig. 23. — Pseudopriacanthus altus (Priacanthidas) . 
Bureau of Fisheries. Bureau of Fisheries. 
Paralabrax clathraius (Girard), cabrilla. San Diego Bay (Albatross). Scales similar, but smaller, and 
somewhat broader in proportion to their length. In both species of Paralabrax the scales are white; 
the finely mottled skin has the pigment light ferruginous in P. maculatofasciatus, purplish-brov/n in 
P. clathraius. 
Subfamily EPHINEPHELIN2E. Groupers. 
Epinephelus niveatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes), snowy grouper, from Katama Bay, has scales which 
remind one of Paralabrax, but the basal radii are only 4 to 6, and the apical area is quite different, 
with the spines much reduced in number, but larger. 
