i6o 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Subfamily MORONIN.1E. White perches. 
The characters of Roccus and Morone are given in the table of Acanthopterygian scales on an earlier 
page. 
LOBOTIDjE. Flashers. 
The flasher, Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch) has large subquadrate reddish scales, which resemble 
those of Roccus in the very numerous basal radii. Other characters are given in the table just cited. 
PRlACANTHIDflE. Catalufas. 
Two subfamilies may be distinguished as follows; 
Priacanthinae {Priacanthus). Scales very strongly trilobed at base: apex produced, with irregularly 
placed teeth. 
Pseudopriacanthinse {Pseudo priacanthus). Scales quadrate (the apical margin produced to an obtuse 
angle), the base not at all trilobed, but its middle third crenate from the 5 or 6 basal radii; marginal 
teeth sharp and irregular, but not so irregular as in Priacanthus . 
All the specimens examined are from W^oods Hole, Mass. The Pseudopriacanthus is P. altus (Gill). 
The Priacanthus is presumably P. arenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, with which it agrees in fin rays, color 
of fins, etc., but it has a large serrate preopercular spine, as in P. cruentatus (Lac6pMe). 
LUTIANID/E. Snappers. 
The scale of the gray snapper, Neomcenis griseus (Linnaeus), from Tampa, Fla., has been figured in 
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume xxni, page 91. The mutton fish, N. analis 
(Cuvier & Valenciennes) is included in the table of Acanthopterygian scales above. The scale of N. 
griseus figured was much worn, and had lost the apical teetli, but the figure shows well the numerous 
basal radii, the lateral circuli running parallel with the margin, etc. 
HiEMULID/E. Grunts. (PI. xxxvii, fig. 33.) 
In the pigfishes, Orthopristis , the marginal teeth are truncate; in the grunts, Hcemulon, and the 
burritos, Brachydeuterus , they are pointed. From these and other characters perhaps two subfamilies 
(Orthopristinse and Hsemulinae) ma^'^be indicated. Jordan & Evermann say of the Hsemulidae: “The 
group is very close to the Lutianidre on the one hand and to the Sparidae on the other, while some of 
its members show affinities with some Scisenidae and Serra- 
nidse.” In its scales Orthopristis resembles some Sciaenidas, 
as the croakers Micropogon. 
The scale of Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) is figured 
in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 
volume XXIII, page 92. 
SPARIDflS. Porgies. 
I have examined scup, Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus) 
from Woods Hole, Mass., and pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides 
(Linnaeus). Both have large scales, those of Lagodon quad- 
rate, about as broad as long, those of Stenotomus much 
broader than long. The broad apical field has the usual 
Acanthopterygian sculpture feebly indicated, but only the 
margin is distinctly sculptured, with the well-formed elements in two {Stenotomus) or three {Lagodon) 
rows. This condition leads in the direction of that found in the Gerridae. The basal radii are 12 in 
Lagodon, 13 or fewer in Stenotomus. The apical structure is nearly as in the coral fishes, Pomacentridae, 
while both resemble the surmullets, Mullidae. The scale of Lethrinus, as figured by Gunther, has very 
well-developed sculpture in the apical field, with 13 or 14 rows of minute teeth. 
Fig. 24. — Neor»ienis analis (Lutianidas). 
Bureau of Fisheries. 
