238 
buIvLETin of the bureau of fisheries. 
HALCAMPA Gosse, 1858. 
Halcampa farinacea (Verrill), Andres. 
Edwardsia farinacea Verrill, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 42, 1866, p. 118; Inv. An. Vineyard Sound, 1873, p. 510, 739. 
Halcampa farinacea Andres, Fauna u. Flora Golfes Neapel, bd. ix. Parker, Am. Nat., vol. xxxiv, 1900, p. 750. 
This species has been reported by Verrill as occurring off Gay Head in 19 fathoms. Its chief range, 
however, seems to be north of Cape Cod. The present writer has not taken it in the Woods Hole region. 
The following brief description is chiefly compiled from that of Verrill (vide supra) : “ It is a cylindrical 
species, about an inch long, and from o.io to 0.12 inch in diameter, remarkable for having only 12 
tentacles, which are equal, unusually short, thick, and blunt.” Tentacles rather translucent, with 
transverse bars on inner side of brownish bands or spots. Alternating with these are bars or spots 
yellowish or white. Disk pale yellow, varied with small brown spots, mostly forming radial rows from 
mouth to tentacles. 
Habitat: Found only on muddy bottoms. 
EPIZOANTHUS Gray, 1867. 
Epizoanthus americanus Verrill. 
Zoanthus parasiticus Verrill, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i. 1864, p. 34. 
Epizoanthus papillosus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond., 1867, p. 237. 
americanus Verrill, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., 1S71, p. 361; Inv. An. Vineyard Sd., 1873, p. 446, 510; Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zool., vol XI, 1883, p. 60. 
paguriphilus Verrill, Am. Jour. Sci., 1882, p. 137; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. xi, p. 61. 
parasiticus Hertwig, Kept. Chal. Exp., vol. vi, 1882, p. 116. 
This interesting actinian is one of very few among our fauna having a definitely colonial habit. 
The species has a rather extended range of distribution, as may be inferred from the above list of refer- 
ences, and the recorded localities from Maine to Maryland. It is also more or less abundant, Verrill 
reporting "many thousands of specimens taken off Nantucket, Marthas Vineyard,” etc. Its range of 
depth seems to be from 25 to 400 or more fathoms. The species, while most familiar in association with 
the hermit crab, has apparently considerable variability as to habitat. Verrill has reported them as 
in some cases investing the tubes of Hyalincecia, in others forming a similar investment of stems or 
branches of Paramuricia grandis. Those taken in the Woods Hole region have all been associated with 
hermit crabs. Several species have been described, among them E. parasiticus, E. papillosus, E. ameri- 
canus, E. paguriphilus, etc.; but it is safe to say that among these several are identical. And it may 
be doubted if of the entire list herein referred to there is hardly more than varietal distinction, the 
variation expressing for tlie most part the influence of the varying habitats of the examples concerned. 
The many excellent figtues of the species easily available in the reports of Verrill, Hertwig, and 
others, obviate any special necessity for a duplication in this report. 
PARACTIS Milne-Edwards, 1857. 
The genus was established by Milne-Edwards and has been distinguished by the following char- 
acters, given in merest outline : Body smooth, devoid of papillae or marginal spherules, numerous longi- 
tudinal furrows on the column; tentacles of about the same size and character. 
Paractis rapiformis (Lesueur). 
Actinia rapiformis Lesueur, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1817, vol. i. 
Paractis rapiformis Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Corallaires, 1837, p. 249. 
Actinia rapiformis Verrill, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, 1864, p. 35. 
Paractis rapiformis Verrill. Inv. An. Vineyard Sound, 1873, p. 363, 738; Am. Jour. Sd., vol. m, p. 436. Andres, Be 
Attinie, Fauna u. Flora Golfes Neapel, bd. ix 1883, p. 262. McMurrich, Stud, Biol. Bab. Johns Hopkins Univ., vol. 
IV, p. 62. 
A mmophilactis rapiformis Verrill, Am. Jour. Sd., 1899, vol. vn. p. 213. Parker, Am. Nat., 1900, vol. xxxrv, p. 753. 
This species has not been taken by the present writer but is known to occur within the region. 
According to Verrill, its distribution ranges from North Carolina to Long Island Sotmd. The following 
brief description is taken from that of Verrill and may serve as a summary of the chief characters of the 
