ANTHOZOA OP THE WOODS HOPE REGION. 
247 
It may be suggested in this connection that the act of burrowing is effected exclusively by the 
aboral end, or physa. This is bent downward upon the sand, and then by a process of pushing, and at 
the same time a twisting motion, and by alternate contractions and expansions of the disk, the foot is 
forced downward. It is by no means a rapid process, and very differently effective by different 
individuals, as I have elsewhere shown (op. cit.). 
Distribution: Verrill reports it from South Carolina to Cape Cod. I have taken it at certain 
points in Buzzards Bay, and at Catama Bay, and elsewhere about Marthas Vineyard. Its distribution 
would seem to be more or less local, and dependent upon favorable 
conditions as to food and for burrowing, etc. 
EDWARDSIA Quatrefages, 1842 . 
Edwardsia elegans Verrill. [Text fig. 5 and pi. xuv, fig. 12.] 
Edwardsia elegans \Vcrxi\\, Am. Journ. Science, ser. 2, vol. 48, p. 118. Andres, 
Fauna u. Flora Golf. v. Neapel, vol. ix, p, 95. Parker, Am. Nat., vol. xxxiv, 
p. 749. 
This elegant little actinian is seldom seen except by those who dili- 
gently search for it, its burrowing habit giving it effective seclusion. 
Body elongate, comprising three more or less distinctive portions, 
namely, (i) an upper, smooth, necklike portion, of faint brownish 
color; (2) the body or column, rough from the presence of a sandy 
accretion over a tough cuticular covering; (3) a somewhat roimdish 
basal portion, translucent or of slightly bluish tint. The entire body 
is marked by 8 longitudinal grooves or sulcations. Tentacles 16, rather 
short and fingerlike in moderate contraction, or long and delicatel)' 
attenuate when fully expanded ; apparently of two series, an outer, 
which is usually depressed close upon the sand at the mouth of the 
burrow; and a second, alternating series, which extend upward. In 
color the tentacles are pale brownish, with transverse bars or blotches 
whitish or pale greenish. 
Length of body in expansion 20 to 35 mm., diameter 3 to 5 mm. 
The organization of the body is shown in the sections taken through 
the oesophageal region. (PI. xuv, fig. 12.) 
Distribution and habitat: Formd generally throughout the region in 
favorable sand flats between tide lines, where it bmrows. Taken at 
West Falmouth, Woods Hole, Great Pond, Falmouth, etc. 
In a paper on the “ Behavior of sea anemones” (Biological Bulletin, 
vol. xn), I have given some account of phasesof activity as exhibited 
by tube-dwelling anemones. At the time this paper was prepared I 
had not been able to include any account of this species. This was 
later included in a report upon the reactions of these organisms given 
at the International Zoological Congress, Boston, 1907. It may suffice 
in this coimection to say that in almost every respect the reactions and behavior of E. elegans are com- 
parable with those of Sagartia and Eloactis. 
The species lives w'ell in aquaria and affords a favorable object upon which to observe various 
aspects of behavior. This is particularly the case with food taking and reactions to varying degrees 
of light intensity. 
Edwardsia sipunculoides (Stimpson) Verrill. 
Actinia sipunculoides Stimpson, Marine Inv. of Grand Manan, 1853. Edwardsia sipunculoides Verrill, Mem. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., Boston, vol. i, p. 28, 1864; Andres, Fauna u. Flora Golfes Neapel, bd.ix; Parker, Am. Nat., vol. xxxrv, 1900. 
This species has not hitherto been recorded south of Cape Cod. The writer several years ago found 
a single specimen of an Edwardsia at West Falmouth, Buzzards Bay, which was thought to be E. sipun- 
