CEPHALOPODA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
291 
Polypus marmoratus (Hoyle 1885).® (PI. xlv; pi. xtviii, fig. 6.) 
Octopus ‘tnaTvwratus'HoyXQTZ^S^ p. 227, 
Octopus marmoTatus Hoyle 18853, p. 102. 
Octopus marmoratus Hoyle 1886, p. 8, 85, 220, pi. 6. 
Octopus marmoratus Brock 1887, p. 610, 611. 
Octopus marmoratus Ortmann 1891, p. 671. 
Octopus marmoratus "ioxihin ? 1894, p, 35 {fide Wulker). 
Polypus marmoratus Hoyle 1905, p. 978. 
Polyfiusmarmoraius^^xry\f^of^, p. 418 (locality record only). 
Polypus marmoratus Wulker 1913, p. 457. 
Body of moderate size, rounded pyriform in shape, broadest toward the posterior, not flattened, 
but with a distinct median longitudinal depression or sulcus on the ventral surface. Integument as a 
rule quite smooth, but apt to be much wrinkled above, and with a few large, low, longitudinally elon- 
gate tubercles on the dorsal surface; notably more conspicuous than the remainder are one of these 
tubercles at the base of each dorsal arm, one in advance of the center of the head, and a diamond-shaped 
quadrilateral of four on the dorsum, besides several lateral ones^'. A series 
of smaller ridges tends to extend distally from the large tubercles at the base 
of the dorsal arms out upon the arms, and all show a distinctly bilateral arrange- 
ment. In addition to the ridges there is a large conspicuous bluntly conical 
tubercle just above and behind the center of each eye opening, supplemented 
by asmaller, more elongated excrescence just in front of tlie eye, and oneother 
placed diagonally behind. This ornamentation appears to be a reasonably 
constant feature, atleastinthe material examined. The mantle opening is not 
especially wide, extending rather less than halfway from the funnel to the eye. 
Head rather small, narrow, rounded, separated from the body by an often 
slight constriction. Eyes prominent. Funnel small, conical, reaching little 
more than a third of the distance to the umbrella margin. The funnel 
organ is well developed and comprises a broad bilobate W-shaped pad on the 
inner wall of the funnel cavity a little forward of the center. (Fig. 13.) 
® The principal portion of the description of this species given by Hoyle in the Challenger Report (1886, p. 85) is as follows: 
‘‘Habitat. — On the Reefs, Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Three specimens, one cf , two 9 . 
“Sandwich Islands (Copenhagen Museum). 
“ The Body is round, not depressed, and a little longer than wide. The manlle-opening extends somewhat less than halfway 
round the body, terminating nearer to the siphon than to the eye, and considerably behind the latter. The siphon is small and 
acutely conical, and extends about one-third the distance to the umbrella-margin. 
“ The Head is narrow, and the eyes are prominent, where they have not suffered from compression. 
“ TAe A rwf are subequal, eight times as long as the body; they are very long and slender, the last character being more 
marked in the females than in the male; they taper more rapidly at first than near the extremities, which are much attenuated. 
The umbrella is very wide, especially in the male, where it extends almost one-third up the arms; in the females its extent is 
only one-sixth. The suckers are rather large, and closely set; in the male a few suckers opposite the umbrella-margin are slightly, 
but not markedly, larger than the others. The extremity of the kectocotylized arm is small, and has about 10 small transverse 
ridges. 
“ The Surface appears to have been smooth, except for a few short ridges placed longitudinally on the back and sides; but 
the skin is shriveled by the action of the spirit, so that it is difficult to be certain. A conical cirrus is situated above and slightly 
behind each eye; but in some cases this has been destroyed. 
“ The Colour is a stone-gray, with dark pigment disposed in veins like those of marble on the dorsal surface of the body, head, 
and umbrella; the male is much darker, so that the marbling is almost concealed. Traces of an oval spot are seen in front of 
and below the eye on both sides of one female specimen and on one side of the other; but this spot is concealed by the dark colour- 
ing in the male even if it exist. 
❖ 
“This species presents in some respects a resemblance to Octopus bimaculatus, Verrill, namely, in the general form and pro- 
portions, in the enlargement of one or more suckers on the lateral arms, and in the small size of the hectocotylus of the male, 
as also in the presence of the dark spot on either side in front of the eye. Each, too, has a supra-ocular cirrus, but the con- 
spicuously warted upper surface of Verrill’s form and the equally marked smoothness of the Challenger specimens, as well as 
the seemingly constant difference of coloration necessitate their separation. 
“It approaches Octopus hawaiensis E. and S., in general form, but differs in the presence of cirri over the eyes.” 
h These structures may very likely represent the “few short ridges placed longitudinally on the back and sides” which are 
mentioned by Hoyle. 
Fig. 13. — Polypus marmora 
tus (175), outline drawing 
of ftmnel laid open medio 
ventrally to expose the fun- 
nel organ, natural size. 
