CEPHAIvOPODA OP THE HAWAIIAN ISEANDS. 
293 
Type. — In the British Museum (Natural History). 
Type locality. — “On the Reefs, Honolulu, Sandwich Islands;” three specimens {Challenger 
expedition). 
Distribution. — Honolulu Reef, Oahu {Challenger, Albatross, etc.); Hilo, Hawaii (Stanford Univer- 
sity collections); Rotuma (Hoyle); Rimatara (Wiilker); Buka, Solomon Islands (Wiilker); Stewart 
Islands (Wiilker); Amboina (Joubin); Ceylon (Ortmann). 
Material examined. — The following 13 specimens have been examined, the majority of them being 
rather immature ; 
No. of 
speci- 
mens. 
Locality. 
Collector. 
Sex. 
Where deposited . 
Author's 
register. 
s 
174 
175 
185 
183 
181 
Jordan and Evermami 
^ 
6 
Although P. rnarmoratus appears to be a well marked, even if in no way an extraordinary species, 
it nevertheless exhibits a considerable meastneof variability. The fom young individuals from Hono- 
lulu Reef (S. S. B. 183), which I have assumed to be referable here, indicate this to a remarkable 
degree, and it maybe possible that they are incorrectly determined; they possess a wide flattened 
head, pale coloration, no ocular markings, and the skin varies from a nearly smooth state to one where 
the scattered papillae are erect and bristling. The numerous small chromatophores render the surface 
finely punctate, and a single slightly zigzag row of somewhat larger chromatophores extends along the 
outer surface of each arm. The male in this lot is readily distinguishable by its small but well- 
developed hectocotylus, and by the rather conspicuous enlargement suffered by the seventh and eighth 
suckers on each of the lateral arms. The remaining suckers are rather small, a little elevated, and 
equidistant as in the females. The measurements are surprisingly constant, as shown in the above 
table. 
Hoyle compares this species with the Californian P. bimaculatus (Verrill) and apparently with 
justice, although he is undoubtedly correct in regarding the two as distinct. Specimens of the two 
species placed together have an entirely different aspect and are not likely to be confoimded. The 
divergent pigmentation alone is entirely sufficient for the ready separation of most specimens, and so 
far as my very limited experience shows the elongate cirri of many P. rnarmoratus do not appear on the 
Californian form, although the symmetrical arrangement of the tubercles is much the same. 
Ortmann (1891, p. 672) has suggested that Hoyle’s species may after all be identical with O. hawaii- 
ensis Souleyet, in which case the latter name has many years priority and would of course take pre- 
cedence, but for the present the matter must go over unsettled. 
One of the Challenger specimens, which is the largest example of the species so far recorded, has 
a total length of 630 mm. The species is apparently an abundant littoral form occurring in large num- 
bers on the reefs, and is one of the most important of the species used as food. As the most common 
of the Polypi it is likely to be met with in almost an)^ general collection from the region. It is readily 
distinguishable from the species which usually accompany it by its somber coloration, ridgelike cirri, 
moderate arms, small hectocotylus, and wide funnel organ, as well as the presence of the three cirri 
over the eyes and the oculations at the base of the third arms. Being a solid and muscular species, 
the tissues, particularly of the arms, are apt to undergo a powerful contraction when preserved in 
alcohol. 
