346 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
along tlie medio-dorsal line of the mantle. Eyes large, sessile; a row of four large oval photophores on 
the ventral aspect. Left ventral arm hectocotylized. 
Type. — Liocranchia Brockii Pfeffer 1884 (species first named)=L. reinhardtii (Steenstrup), a species 
of very wide distribution. 
Liocranchia globulus Berry 1909. (PI. liii, fig.2-4.) 
Cranchia (Liocranchia) globula Berry 1909, p. 415, 419, fig. 9. 
Liocranchia reinhardtii (pars) Chun 1910, p. 336, 337. 
Liocranchia globulus Pfeffer 1912, p. 666, 674. 
Animal small, pelagic. Body almost completely spherical; short, rounded, the maximum diameter 
almost but not quite equal to the length; mantle truncate in front, suddenly constricted posteriorly 
and tapering rapidly to an acute point which forms the base of attachment for the fins. Mantle mainly 
smooth; very thin and membranous; anterior margin passing in three even nearly equal curves from 
each point of attachment to the next ; the latter three in number and about equidistant, the ventral points 
of fusion with the base of the funnel being about as far separated from one another as either is from the 
nuchal attachment. At the extreme mantle margin the position of each point of attachment is marked 
externally by a series of small projecting cartilaginous tubercles of acutely conical shape ; the dorsal 
series is a close succession of at least 48 tubercles in single file, forming a narrow cartilaginous ridge 
along the anterior two-thirds of the medio-longitudinal line, a wedge-shaped area forming the posterior 
continuation of this ridge being hyaline and bare ; the ventral series are each double, forming a A-shaped 
ridge having its apex at the margin, and with about 20 minute tubercles of two sizes in more or less 
irregular alternation in each line, flanked at the anterior end by parallel rows of two or three smaller 
tubercles on each side (pi. liii , fig. 2). The divergence between the diverging arms of these ventral 
series is somewhat less than 90 degrees. 
Fins small, thin; very short and broad, so that the outline of each is roughly circular; separated 
only by the minute posterior protrusion of the mantle, beyond which they extend for perhaps a third 
of their length; base of attachment only about one-half the total length. 
Head minute; exceedingly short and broad; little projecting beyond the mantle. Eyes large, 
prominent; lid apertures very small, constricted; a series of four rather large oval photophores is 
visible on the inner ventral periphery upon the removal of the outer integument; they are subequal 
in size, very closely placed, and to all appearances essentially similar under a low power lens. A 
very large transparent fingerlike “olfactory papilla” has its origin from the outer integument just 
back of the eyelid opening. Fvmnel short, broad, well "TDrojecting beyond the mantle, and with a 
noticeable ventral flexion not far from the tip. 
Arms short, poorly developed; unequal, the relative order of length 3, 4, 2, i; dorsal pair decidedly 
the shortest and weakest, bearing only 6 to 8 pairs of suckers (largest near the base); second and fourth 
pairs more nearly equal, each second arm with about 9 pairs of suckers; third pair much the largest 
and longest, bearing 12 or more pairs of suckers. Umbrella present but poorly developed; extending 
between the dorsal arms for nearly half their length, and not exceeding this width between any of 
the arms; apparently absent between the arms of the ventral pair, and nearly so between these and 
the third pair. Suckers exceedingly minute, pedunculate; in two regularly alternating rows; homy 
rings apparently smooth, but this feature is somewhat difficult to ascertain. 
Tentacles stout, smoothly cylindrical, much thicker and heavier than the arms; nearly as long 
as the mantle. Clubs little expanded, tapering to a blimtish point, lightly keeled, and furnished 
with a narrow delicate swimming membrane along each margin. Suckers minute, pedimculate; on 
the club in four rather crowded rows; largest near the middle of the club, very minute distally, and 
also proximally, where they gradually become more widely spaced, each row in the meanwhile tending 
to press in toward the center, so that there soon appear to be but two rows which continue down the 
stalk for about two-thirds of its entire length;® aperture of suckers small; homy rings apparently 
smooth, but surrounded by radial papillae. 
o In the smallest specimen these suckers extend practically to the base of the stalk. 
