THE SALMON AND SALMON FISHERIES OF ALASKA. 
119 
are xrnder the influence of the water seeping through under the dry bed of the torrent, 
which is probably of different temperature and conditions from the lake water. 
At the head of the lake, on the western side, several streamlets discharge from a 
cascade that spreads over the face of a vertical rock a few hundred yards back from 
the shore line. On the lake shelf at this point the cohoes spawn, and if the streamlets 
are swollen they work their way into the mouths, where small pools are formed. The 
water level of the lake varies greatly, and when the cascades freeze the lake falls, and, 
as the cohoes spawn so high up on the lake shelf, their eggs are exposed and lost. To 
remedy this a dam was constructed in 1897 across the outlet at the lake end, with a 
central opening about C feet wide. After the flsh are all up, and before the cascades 
Hatchery at Redfish Bay. 
freeze, it was the intention to close the opening of the dam, so that the lake may be 
lield at a level sufficiently high to keep the eggs covered. 
The run of redfish here usually extends late in the season. During the time of our 
visit (September 5 to 8) some of them taken in gill nets looked as if they were just in from 
the sea. The cannery could have made large hauls at this time, but care has been taken 
not to overfish, so as to have as many fish as possible enter the lake. The foreman 
stated that in 1896 he first noticed red salmon spawning on November 3, and from 
that time they were seen in large numbers until December 2; after that date only 
occasional ones until Christmas, and after that none were seen. The cohoes, though 
much later to run, commenced spawning October 3, continuing into January. 
The company operating the cannery, aiipreciating the value of the home stream, and 
desiring to increase its output, built a hatchery during the summer of 1896, and finished 
