288 
e.g., Cyuthocrimis KonincM, W. B. Clarke — Spirifer glaher, W. [Martin, 
S. Darioinii, J. Morris, some speeies of Fachydomus and Mceonia, Aphanaki 
giyantea, L. G. de Koninck, Aviculopecten Ulaioarensis and A. Umceformis, 
J. Morris, and Conular'ia inornata, J. D. Dana. 
One would be tempted to believe that these species had been subjected 
to special influences favourable to their growth, were it not for the fact that, 
side by side with them, are found others not reaching half the size they 
generally attain in Euroj)e, e.g., Loxonema constricta, W. Martin — Macro- 
cheiliis acutus, Sowerby, and most of the Gasteropods. 
In order to deduce, from the collection of species described, the 
stratification of the formations which have furnished them, I have had to 
limit myself to the use of the eighty-one European species represented among 
them, and to study the beds in which they were found. This examination 
has proved to me that twenty-two of these species are common to the 
upper, middle, and lower beds of the Carboniferous Limestone, thirty-six belong 
exclusively to the upper beds, five or six to the ui)per and middle beds, and 
six or seven to the lower beds. It must be observed that while the thirty-six 
species of the upper beds contain a small number of characteristic species, 
such as Lithostrotiou hasaltiforme and L. irregiilare, Froductus fimhriatus, 
F. punctatus, and F. umlatus, Clionetes papilionacea, Splrifer hlsulcatus, 
Fleurotomarki gemmulifera and F. carinata, Fiiomphalus catillus, Loxonema 
constricta, etc., the middle and lower beds furnish no decidedly characteristic 
species ; such are for the first — Spirifer striatus and Syringothyris cuspldatus, 
and for the second Athyris Foyssii, Spirifer mosquensis and S. laminosus, 
Conocardium Hibernicuni and Nautilus Konincki, which are absent. I believe 
then that I am right in concluding that most of the Carboniferous rocks of New 
South Wales belong to the upper beds ; that a joart, chiefly those containing 
Spirifer pinguis and N. convolutus, var. rotimdatus, may be assigned to the 
middle beds and that if the lower beds are represented at all, it is only by 
some insignificant spots where fossils are rare. I will leave to others the 
biological deductions which can be drawn from the study of the Carboniferous 
Eauna just described, as compared with that of other countries. 
I will confine myself to remarking that it is probable that the sea 
in which the Carboniferous animals of Australia were developed, was in 
communication with that in which lived the animals of the same epoch found 
in Belgium, about Vise and Namur; in Yorkshire, England; near Glasgow, 
