292 
Mchioaldi, G. Fisclier cle Waldheim, and BraGhymetopiis Sirzelecldi, h. McCoy, 
and in its flora by several varieties of Lepidodendron, L. aiistrale, McCoy, 
predominating in the lower beds, and L. Veltheimiammi, Sternberg, and 
L. Volhnannianum, Sternberg, in the upper beds of tins older group. 
llhaGopteris is also present in great abundance in New South AVales in 
association with the two last varieties of Lepidodendron. In the newer 
group the flora is characterised by the abundance of Glossopteris, Vertehraria, 
and Gangamopteris, to the entire exclusion oi Lepidodendron and IthaGopteris, 
and its marine fauna is remarkable for the abundance of certain forms not 
met with in the older group such as Goniatites miGr omphalus, Morris, 
Stroplialosia Clarhei, Etb., Lielasma sacculus, Martin, var., Spirifera Gonvo- 
liita, PliilL, Merismopteria macroptera, Morris, Mceonia carinata, Morris. 
At present Ncav South Wales geologists follow the classification 
adopted by Mr. E. Etheridge, Junr., for the rocks ranging from Gympie to 
Upper Bowen in New South "Wales, and to the older grouj) (the Lepidoden- 
dron group, with interbedded marine strata) they apply the term Carboni- 
ferous, and restrict the term Permo-Carboniferous to the new^er group, the 
Glossopteris group, with its associated marine strata. 
The lithological character of the rocks forming these respective groups 
is also in favour of their separation, implying, as it does, a probable 
considerable change of climatic conditions, at about the time of the disaj)- 
pearancc of Lepidodendron, and the first appearance of Glossopteris and 
Gangamopteris in Eastern Australia. Conclusive evidence as to the presence 
of ice in Southern India, Southern Africa, and Australia in Permo-Carboni- 
ferous or Permian time, lias been adduced by many observers, too numerous 
to admit of being referred to in this brief note. Elsewhere the attempt has 
been made by me to summarise the evidence so far as relates to Australia.^ 
Eeference may nevertheless be made to the comments by Dr. Eeist- 
mantel'^ and Prof. Dr. “W. Waagen. 
Dr. Eeistmantel correlates the Bacchus Marsh Beds of Victoria, and 
the Upper and Lower Marine Beds of New South Wales (“Middle Bowen 
Beds) with the Dw^yka Conglomerates of South Africa and the Talchir 
Boulder Beds of India. 
* Kept. Austr. Assoc. AJ-v. Science, 1895, VI, pp. 58-98. Quart. .Jouni. Gcol. Soo. , 1896, Lll, jip. 
1*89 301, PI. XII. 
^ The Geological and Palaeontological relations of the Goal and Plant-bearing Beds of Palaeozoic and 
Mesozoic Age in Eastern Australia and Ta.smania. Mem, Gcol. Survey N. S. Wales, Pul. 3, 1890, 
