190 Scieniific Intelligence. 
iron-ore as the district just mentioned. Magnetic iron-ore, iron- 
glance, and compact clay iron-ore, occur not only in beds and 
veins, but forming whole hills and ranges of hills. In the same 
country there are repositories of ores of mercury, copper, tin, 
platina, lead, zinc, bismuth, and cobalt. 
27. Annual quantity of Salt raised from the bowels of the 
Earth in Europe. — It would appear from a careful examination 
of the most accurate returns, that the European salt-mines and 
salt-springs afford annually from 25 to 30 millions of hundred 
weights of salt. 
28. Titaniiic Iron-ore not confined to Volcanic Districts . — 
Dr Thomson, in the second volume of the Wernerian Memoirs, 
gives an account of a variety of magnetic iron-ore from the pri- 
mitive rocks of Greenland, which contains titanium. More 
lately M. Robiquet has found this metal in the octahedral 
magnetic iron-ore, imbedded in the steatite rocks of Corsica. 
These facts prove, in opposition to the opinion of Cordier, 
that titanitic iron is not confined to volcanic rocks. ^ 
29. Sepia colour from Peat. — The stagnant water in peat- 
bogs affords, on evaporation, a substance which affords a colour 
equal to that of the sepia. 
ZOOLOGY. 
30. Spines on the Whigs of Birds. — Several tribes of birds 
are particularly distinguished by the spines that grow from 
their ’wings ; the genera Parra, Palamedea, Struthio, and many 
Passerine birds are of this description. It has also been re- 
marked by ornithologists here, that the winglets of the Rail us 
aquaticus are provided with spines, about the eighth of an inch 
in length. 
31. Patella distorta of Montagu. — This rare British shell 
was first described by Muller, under the name Patella anomala. 
Poll afterwards examined it more particularly, and very pro- 
perly considered it as constituting a new genus, to which he gave 
the name Criopus. Lamarck agrees with Poli in considering it 
as a member of a new genus, denominated in his system Orbi- 
cule. It has been lately found in Shetland by Dr Hibbert and 
Dr Fleming. 
32. Marine and River Mollusca in the Gulf of Livonia . — 
The saltness of the sea^-water is so inconsiderable in the Gulf 
