Dr Hamilton (y?i a Mofp of Ava^ drawn 
Previotis only a shoi’t time to my having been in Ava^ Siam 
had been subject to the Mranmas ; but after a bondage of some 
years, the Siammese had thrown off the yoke, and had entirely 
recovered their independence, although several states, formerly 
tiibutary to Duarawadi or ludara, as its capital is called in the 
Pali and vulgar languages, still remained subject to Ava, or had 
at least refused obedience to the new dynasty. The Siammese 
call themselves Tay Noe or Little Tay ; but by the Mranmas they 
are called merely ludara or ludaia, both pronounced Yudaya, 
^fter the vulgar name of the ancient capital. Although the 
Mranmas consider the Siammese as belonging to the Shan race, 
they do not call them ludara Shan, because they have given that 
name to the people of what we call Cambodia. The inaccuracy 
of Loubere'^s map of this kingdom, did not escape the authors of 
the Universal History, (p. 195.) The map which I now pu- 
blish, regarding Siam at least, is equally defective; for, although 
the author introduces two large countries between it and China, 
he places it nearly in the same latitude with the kingdom of 
Pegu, that is, his Talain country, and gives it a less extent, 
omitting altogether the Gulf of Siam, the coasts of which form 
the larger proportion of the kingdom. 
On the north-west of Siam or ludara, is a considerable extent 
of hills and forests occupied by the tribe called Lowa or Lawa, 
many of whom are also scattered among the forests of the coun- 
tries ocpupied by the Shan or Tay nation, although it is only 
in a few places that they are noticed in a map on so small a 
scale. 1 imagine, that these Lowa or Lawa are the original in- 
habitants of these coui|tries, and that, mixed with the kindred 
race of Chinese, andiwith certain colonists from Hither India, 
they form the Shan race. 
North from these Lowas, who are partly tributary to Siam,- 
and partly to Ava, the slave places the country of the lun Shan, 
the capital of which is Zaenmse. There can be no doubt that 
this is the country which, in the Universal History (p. 135. 137.), 
is called J angoma, and that the capital is the same with the 
Chiamay of Loubere. 
North from the lun Shan is the country of the Lowa Shan, 
who retain the name, which I consider as belonging to the rude 
tribe that, mixed with Chinese and Hindus, has given origin 
