by a Slave of tJie KtTig^s Eldest Son, S69 
to the Shan race. This term Lowa or Lawa is no doubt the 
source of the names Lao, Lawho, Lau or Laho, applied by va- 
rious authorities to the same people ; and the Lowa Shan of 
the Mranmas is no doubt the same with the Northern Lao or 
Laho of the Universal History, the capital of which, about the 
middle of the 17th century, was called Leng, by the Chinese at 
least. But that city stood on the bank of the Menan Tay, a 
branch of the Menan Kong, or Mekong of the Chinese, which 
is the Maekhaun of the Mranmas. Menan Tay is therefore the 
M^khoup of this map ; while Kiaintoun, the present capital, i^ 
situated beyond the river of Siam, 
North from the Lowa Shan, which Mr Dalrymple seems to 
have placed too far in that direction, is a mountainous space at 
the sources of the river of Siam, which is occupied by an inde- 
pendent and rude tribe of I^awa, To the north-west of this 
space in the slave’s map, is placed a still more extensive tribe, 
called Kakhisen, which occupies both banks of the Saluasn for 
some w'ay after this river leaves ' China. As I shall have no 
farther opportunity of mentioning this people, I may here 
state that they differ both in manners and language from the 
Khi^n, and are readily distinguished by their tatooing only a 
small spot between the eyes. The Kakhi^n, who inhabit the 
banks of the Salusen, are independent, and very troublesbme to 
the merchants going to China, being of a more warlike disposi- 
tion than most of the other rude tribes, A considerable num- 
ber of the Kakhia^ns has, how^ever, been rendered tributary, 
and forms a large proportion of the inhabitants in the principa- 
lity of Bhanmo, which occupies the space between the Erawadl 
and China. 
East from the Lowa Shan, and from the great Maekhaun 
river, the map of the slave places a country which is called Ta^ 
rout or Chinese Shan ; for the Tarout of the Jiranmas are the 
people we call Chinese, These Tarout Shan probably occupy 
the north-western part of Tonquin, as laid down by Mr Ar- 
rowsmith, but are probably one of the two small kingdoms to 
the west of Tonquin, mentioned in the Universal History 
(p. 452.) by the name of Law-chiva, which should evidently 
have been printed Law and Chiva ; Law being the Lowa Shan 
of the Mranmas, and Chiva their Taroitt or Chinese Shan^ the 
