tf Stone Medallions by the Waters of the Spring. 297 
death, left him his property in San Filippo. There he has con- 
tinued to reside for forty years, and though now seventy-four 
years of age, and much deformed, he is still very active, and 
has contributed to benefit the village, not only by his manufac- 
tory, but by the establishment of the public mills, and the main- 
tenance of the baths. Under the French Government this 
manufactory flourished : it is now in decay. I am indebted to 
M. Pagliari for the following details of his process, which he 
communicated with the greatest liberality, to which I listened 
with the greatest interest and pleasure, and which I saw put in 
execution near his habitation. 
As the water of the spring contains earthy substances of dif- 
ferent qualities, some of which do not become very compact 
when consolidated, the first step is to separate these by simple 
precipitation and crystallization. With this view, the water is 
conducted from its source in small superficial canals, in the 
course of which are three pits, between 2 and 3 feet square, 
placed at the distance of 5 feet from each other. During its 
progress, the excess of carbonic acid, combined with the earthy 
matter, escapes, and a portion of carbonate and large crystals of 
sulphate of lime are deposited in the pits. Thus freed from its 
grosser parts, the water is conveyed by a tube to the summit of 
a small chamber, from which it falls freely through a space of 
10 or 12 feet upon a frame-work of wood of a pyramidal form, 
about 2| feet high by 1 foot in diameter. Within the frame 
to disposed horizontally three series of flat cross sticks, placed 
about 9 inches below each other : each series is made to cross in a 
direction different from the one above it, and the crossed pieces 
increase in number and size as they descend. By this arrange- 
ment, the falling current is necessarily broken and dispersed 
with rapidity around the chamber. The moulds from which 
the casts are to be taken, are formed either of plaster of Paris, 
sulphur, or, what is better, of glass. If the parts of the has relief 
to be copied are not very prominent, the mould is formed of one 
piece ; but if there are great inequalities, it is then formed of 
two or more pieces. The moulds are rubbed lightly over 
with a solution of soap, and are attached by iron wires to nar- 
row pieces of board, which are disposed almost perpendicularly 
round the frame of wood, at the distance of 2 or 3 feet. In 
VOL. ir. xm. 4, apxil 1820. 
u 
