352 Mr,Cadell on Antique Marbles^ 
Pentelican Marble . — Many of the ancient statues at Rome, 
according to the judgment of Visconti and other antiquaries, 
are of the white marble from Mount Penteles, near Athens. 
It is called, at Rome, Cipolla, or Statuary Cipollino, by reason 
of the greenish veins that occur in it. Of the statues formed of 
this marble are the Torso of the Belvedere and the Muses of 
the Vatican. The Parthenon and other ancient buildings at 
Athens are of Pentelican marble. 
Parian Marble . — Other antique Greek and Roman statues 
are of the marble of the island of Paros, as the recumbent 
Ariadne, called the Cleopatra of the Belvedere ; the Mercury, 
called the Antinous of the Belvedere ; the Diana and Stag of 
the Louvre. The Venus de’ Medici is of Parian marble, of a 
smaller grain than the ordinary Parian ; the Venus of the Ca- 
pitol is of very beautiful and translucid Parian. 
Carrara Marble . — Others are of marble from Carrara, an- 
ciently called Marble of Luni, as the statue of Antinous of the 
Capitol. 
The marble of Hymettus and the Pentelican are mention- 
ed by Strabo and Pausanias. 
The marble of which the Apollo of the Belvedere is formed 
is considered, by the marble-cutters at Rome, to be a Greek 
marble, though different from the Greek marble of which many 
other ancient statues are formed. 
Pliny wrote 166 years after the first importation of marble, and • 
remarks the rapid progress that had taken place in that period, 
from a simple and unadorned way of life to magnificence and 
extravagant expense. In the reign of Diocletian, 240 years af- 
ter the beginning of the importation of foreign marble into 
Rome, that importation had diminished considerably, for it ap- 
pears that columns, taken from more ancient buildings, were 
employed in constructing the Baths of Diocletian. But the 
largest of the two obelisks of the Circus Maximus was brought 
to Rome 30 years after Diocletian. Its removal from Egypt 
was begun by Constantine, and it was brought to Rome by the 
son of Constantine. For removing this, the largest wrought 
stone that has been moved in Europe, there existed sufficient 
mechanical skill at that period, although the arts connected with 
design had declined very considerably. 
