Dr Hamilton on the Diamond Mine (^Panna. 61 
south, and then bends north to Goyaligar, and from thence be- 
hind Agra and Dilli, being the northern boundary of the Vind- 
hyan mountains. The portion of this ridge passing through 
Bandelkhand, has a very similar appearance to the part of the 
same range that passes through the Shahabad district, only it’ 
is less sterile, and rugged ; for the trees in most places ascend to 
the very summits of the hills, and it is only in some places that 
the table land on the top is bounded by an abrupt precipice of 
rock, such as surrounds the whole eastern end of the ridge. The 
nature of the strata seems, however, perfectly similar throughout 
its whole extent, consisting of horizontal rocks, which, near the 
surface, are a kind of free sandstone, very fit for building ; but 
in the interior of the mountain, the rock is too hard, approach- 
ing near in nature and appearance to hornstone or granular 
quartz. The colour is various, red, brown, and white ; and, in 
general, it is more or less dotted with black. 
On the summit of this range, is a table-land of great extent, 
and from about 500 to 1200 feet of perpendicular height above 
the level of the Gangetic plain. To the side of this table-land 
most remote from this plain, I have not reached ; but from tho 
side next the Ganges, there project many small ridges of the 
same materials, which run towards the Ganges and Yamuna, as 
at Sahasran, Chunar, Mirzapur, Allahabad, and at Famos, 
where a ridge not only penetrates across the channel of the Ya- 
muna, as others in several places do, but rises into a small rocky 
hill on the left bank, thus forming the only hill in the ancient 
kingdom of Antarbeda, now called the Dooab by the Muham- 
medans. 
The very strong and remarkable fortress of Kallangjar is on. 
one of these ridges, projecting to the west from the main range 
of hills, but separated by a narrow gap. I passed it both com- 
ing and going in the dark, so that I had no opportunity of exa- 
mining the strata ; but the buildings of the town, no doubt taken 
from the hill, are of the free sandstone usual in this range. 
Ajaygar, another fortress, seven computed coses from Ka- 
langjar, stands also on a ridge projecting to the Ken river ; but 
the portion of the hill occupied by tlie fortress, is separated 
from the east and west ends of the ridge by two deep ravines 
that penetrate the hill almost to the level of the plain, Ah 
n 2 
