Prince Moritz^ Margrave, ^c. S39 
means of these materials. Professor Lichtenstein has been en- 
abled to correct the apparent inconsistencies in Margrave’s work, 
and to prove the accuracy of his descriptions and observations. 
After the publication of the Natural History of i^razil, no- 
thing more was done for upwards of a century, because natura- 
lists were not permitted to travel into the interior of the coun- 
try. Siebers, who was sent to Brazil by that patriotic and en- 
lightened German naturalist Count Hoffmansegg, was the first who 
published any observations of importance. In later times, it is 
true, several naturalists of Vandelli’s school have travelled in 
Brazil ; but, with the exception of a few memoirs in the Transac- 
tions of the Lisbon Academy, and some ephemeral pamphlets of 
Feijo and Dr Couto, nothing is known to the public of what 
they accomplished. The two Velozos occupied themselves prin- 
cipally with the botany of Brazil, of which the Monk Velozo 
left behind a large Flora in manuscript. There also appeared in 
1804, a small work on the present state of the mines of Brazil, by 
the Bishop of Elvas, Joze Joaquim da Cunha de Azeredo Coutin- 
ho. These were the principal writings in regard to Brazil, pub- 
lished before the arrival of the Royal Family from Europe. This 
event, so fortunate for Brazil, proved also most interesting and im- 
portant for natural history. A country rich in the most beautiful 
and interesting productions of nature, was thus rendered accessible 
to foreigners, the former ill-judged and absurd restraints having 
been removed. Several interprising travellers, particularly 
Germans, have of late years visited this quarter of the New 
World ; and it may be remarked as a singular circumstance in 
regard to Brazil, that Germans should have been its most dis- 
tinguished investigators and historians. The English work of 
Mr Mawe of London, Eschwege remarks, is neither correct nor 
scientific ; and the highly amusing and interesting History of 
our distinguished countryman Southey, contains principally such 
information as is found in the writings of Fathers Anchietta, 
Vas-consellos, Almeida, and in the works of the Jesuits Muriel, 
Montoja, and others. 
An active and intelligent German miner and mineralogist. Von 
Eschwege, has resided in Brazil since the year 1810, and tra- 
versed in all directions the Capitania of Minas Geraes. In se- 
veral of his journeys he was accompanied by the zoologist 
