S5d 
of the Neighbour hood of Edinburgh, 
Metalliferous Minerals, 
Metalliferous minerals, with the exception of the clay-ironstone 
already described, occurs rarely, and but in small quantity, in 
this rising ground. The most frequent of the ores, are galena or 
lead-glance, iron-pyrites, and blende. These occur either disse- 
minated or in small veins, along with calcareous-spar and heavy 
spar in sandstone. Red cobalt ore, in very small quantity, was 
found twenty or thirty years ago in a quarry in the grounds 
now occupied by the east end of Albany Street. 
General Result. 
From the preceding short description it appears, 1st, That the 
rising ground on which the New Town is built is almost entirely 
composed of granular quartz, in the form of sandstone, and that 
this quartz or sandstone is not an aggregation of broken pieces of 
quartz or of sand, but is a rock which has been formed by a 
process of crystallization. 2d, That there are various rocks 
subordinate to the sandstone, all of which appear to have been 
formed by a process of crystallization. Sd, That with the excep- 
tion of common clay iron-ore, this ridge contains but very in- 
considerable portions of metalliferous minerals. 4th, That all 
the rocks belong to the coal formation. 
Geognostical Description of the Calton Hill. 
1 . 
As the Calton Hill forms the eastern extremity of the rising 
ground on which the New Town is built, it will be proper here 
to give a short description of its general form, mineralogical 
structure and composition. 
The Calton Hill rises to the height of 354 feet above the 
level of the sea. It is mural, rugged and craggy on the south 
and the west ; very steep, but less rugged and with fewer cliffs 
on the north west and north ; while on the north east and east 
there are neither cliffs nor precipices, but a gradual slope. 
2 . 
This beautiful hill may be viewed as a vast inass of rock of the 
nature of felspar, which probably rests upon sandstone of the coal 
formation, and is partly covered with strata of the same description. 
