Zambom’s New Binalry Galvanic File. 889 
are all arranged iii a similar manner, and when the first and last 
glasses communicate only by means of all the intermediate ones, 
it will be found by making a communication between the first 
glass and the ground, and between the last and a good Conden- 
ser, that the pile has two poles, one vitreous and the other resin- 
ous, the former corresponding to the small squares, and the lat- 
ter to the long tails. 
If the pile is constructed with elongated rectangular pieces of 
tin, no electricity is developed when the two extremities of the 
rectangles are equally immersed in the distilled water of the 
watch glasses ; but whenever they are immersed unequally, the 
electricity exhibits itself at the poles, as in the construction 
already described, the vitreous pole always corresponding to the 
larger surface immersed, and the resinous one to the smaller 
surface, so that the same pole may be rendered alternately vi- 
treous and resinous, by immersing more or less of the nearest 
ends of the rectangles of tin. 
When elements of zinc or copper are substituted in place 
of the tin, the same effects are produced ; but no indications of 
electricity are obtained from oxide of manganese. 
A pile constructed in the preceding manner does not charge 
the condenser instantaneously. The electricity does not appear 
till about the end of half a minute, and often longer, and it then 
gradually increases. This effect might be ascribed to oxidation, 
as the pile would then have three elements 5 but at the end of 
several days the developement of electricity was as powerful as 
at the moment when the apparatus was arranged, although not 
the slightest trace of oxidation could be perceived. When zinc 
was substituted for tin, the electricity diminished as the oxida- 
tion increased ; it then disappeared and afterwards re-appeared, 
with an opposite character. Hence it is manifest, that the de- 
velopement of electricity in the Binary Pile is not owing to the 
oxidation of the metal. 
A pile constructed with ten discs of tinned paper, without any 
other substance, produced, in about half a minute, a deviation 
of a third of an inch in Bennefs electrometer, furnished with a 
condenser. The tinned face possessed vitreous, and the paper 
face resinous electricity. This effect invariably increased with 
tlie number of the discs^ 
