40B 
Scientijic Intellig eru e. 
mus, an ess^ on the general geognostic structure of Sweden, 
which displays his usual acuteness and sagacity. 
26. Diminution the Waters of the -Mountains 
having been conjectured to be formations from a state of solu- 
tion in water, it has been inquired, What has become of the 
vast body of fluid which formerly covered the earth, and stood 
over even the highest mountain peaks The following state- 
ment it is presumed may remove some of the difficulties at- 
tending this question. Salts, when crystallizing from a state 
of aqueous solution, are not confined to the surface of the 
liquid, but frequently rise above it. This effect being consider- 
able in the small scale in our soda cisterns, how much more 
striking must it not have been during the crystallization of 
mountains. If crystals in a soda cistern shoot aii inch above 
the surface of the solution, it cannot excite surprise if, in the 
vast primeval fluid, crystallizations have in this way risen many 
thousand feet above the level of the fluid. If this be admitted as 
a fair inference, it will go far in assisting us to explain what has 
been called the diminution of the original waters of the globe. 
27. Relief Globe, — Charles P. Khummer, an artist of Berlin, 
has lately published a globe, in which the mountains are beau- 
tifully executed in relief. It is admirably calculated for com- 
municatino; lasting and accurate ideas of the distribution and 
grouping of the great ranges of mountains, and table lands 
in the different quarters of the globe. There are globes of this 
description of different sizes and prices. Globe, 16 inches in 
diameter, 8 dollars, without names, — with names 11 dollars. 
Globe 26 inches diameter, 25 dollars, without names, — with 
names, degrees, and finely finished, 50 dollars. 
28. Pansner on the Fall of the Wolga. — In a paper of Dr 
PansnePs in the 6th Number of the Petersburgh Journal, ‘‘ On 
the difference of height between Qstaschkow and Astrachan, or 
the fall of the Wolga between these two places,” we find the 
following facts. From numerous observations made by M. Von 
Pansner, it appears, that Astrachan is situated 155.13 French 
feet below the level of the sea. The lately published observa^ 
tions of the academician Inochodzowat Kamiischen on the Wol- 
