972 M. Humboldt m Isothermal Lines^ and the 
45'' 98', and isothermal latitude 55° 8',) and in a great part of 
I.ombardj. Farther to the north, in the Scandinavian Penin- 
sula, we meet wdth three very different systems of climate, viz, 
1. The region of the west coasts of Norway to the west of the 
mountains. 9, The region of the eastern coasts of Sweden, to 
the east of the mountains. And, The region of the west 
coasts of Finland, along the Gulf of Bothnia. Baron Von Buch 
has made us acquainted with the atmospherical constitution of 
these three different regions, in which the slowest increase of 
the winter cold is felt from Drontheiin to the North Cape, 
on the west and north-west coasts. At the Isle of Mageroe, 
(in north lat. 39°,) at the northern extremity of Europe, under 
the parallel of 71°, the winters are still 7°.9 milder than at St 
Petersburg, (in north lat. 38°.8,) but the mean heat of the 
summers never reaches that of the winters of Montpellier, (in 
north lat. 59°.4). At the Faroe Isles, under 69° of north lat. 
the lakes are very seldom covered with ice, and to so temperate 
a winter succeeds a summer, during which snow often falls upon 
the plains. Nowhere without the tropics is the division of the 
annual heat among the ' seasons more equal. In the temperate 
zone, under parallels nearer to our owm, Ireland presents an ex- 
part of the ocean, and during a long rainy winter, with the sky almost always 
clouded, the surface of the earth is less cooled by radiation than farther to the east, 
in the interior of the country, where the atmosphere is pure and dry. 
Mean Temperature. 
Lat. 
Year. 
Winter. 
Summer 
Franecker, 
52" 36' 
5r.8 
36°. 7 
67°.3 
Amsterdam, 
52 22 
53.4 
36.9 
65.8 
Hague, 
52 3 
51.8 
38.3 
6,5.5 
Rotterdam, 
51 54 
51.1 
36.9 
64.9 
Middelburg, 
51 30 
49.6 
36.1 
64.0 
Dunkirk, 
51 2 
50.5 
38,5 
64.0 
Brussels, 
50 50 
52.0 
36.7 
66.2 
Arras, 
50 ir 
49.4 
35.8 
633 
Cambra)", 
50 10 
52.0 
39.0 
66.6 
The mean duration of the observations at each place is from eight t^ nine 
years, and 52,000 partial observations have been employed to obtain nine mean 
temperatures. A similar harmony in the results is also found in Lombardy. 
Mean Temp. I Mean Temp. 
Milan, 55'’.8 Bologna, 56“.3 
Padua, 56.3 [ Venice, 56.5 
Verona, 55,8 | 
