356 Dr Tilesius on the Volcano of Coosima, 
gar is N.E. by N. nine miles, cannot be mistaken from its form 
and colour, which have been exactly given in our sea-views of 
the Krusenstern Atlas. But from the north, the islands Coo- 
sima and Oosima themselves are the most direct landmarks in 
the Strait of Sangar ; Peak Tilesius and Cape Greig are here 
observable at the same time. Coosima lies directly over against 
the Strait of Sangar, and from this quarter the stream acquires 
additional strength, the nearer we approach the Strait. The 
south-west coast of Jesso, the town Matsumai, and Cape Na- 
deschda, cannot be mistaken, from the direction of the Krusen- 
stern charts and the annexed sea-views. 
Langsdorf, in his book respecting our navigation of the 
globe, mentions this rock as a land-mark, following no doubt 
the guidance of Krusenstern. As he also takes the assistance 
of Klaproth for a knowledge of the Chinese and Japanese 
dialects and geography, and Adelung as his master in literature 
and belles lettres ; so we find here some etymological explana- 
tions respecting the names Oosima^ Coosima^ Matmai. Oosi- 
ma^ the n^me of the niost westerly island, signifies in Japanese 
“ the greater Coosima^ the name of the other, signifies “ the 
smaller island.’’^^ Mat'zumal^'' says Klaproth^ following pro- 
bably the explanation of some Chinese writings, is the name 
of the chief town of the whole island, and signifies the town 
of pines,” (we, however, saw no pines.) But the island is not 
called Matmai by any nation. In Japanese it is called Jesso ; 
and in the Chinese dialect Chiazy^ which means Crabs. Chia 
are small sea-crabs, which, in German, are called garnelen ; in 
Spanish, laraarones ; and in English, shrimps. Before the har- 
bour of Matzumai lies the small island Bemite?^ (this must be 
a very small island, for we did not see it), which is reckoned 
sacred by the Japanese, and upon which they have built a 
temp)e. South-east from the town lies the most southerp 
promontory of the island called Sirra IfammisaTco^ and west 
from this, are two calm harbours for small vessels. Still far- 
ther to the east we meet with the harbour ChaJwhade^ which is 
well known from the history of Gahronius'’s imprisonnient a- 
mong’the Japanese, beside which some Japanese colonies lie ; 
and not far from them, but more in the interior of the country, 
is the dwelling of the Kurile interpreter. On the whole south- 
